Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamabhethri ashajwayo ichuma ngokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthembeka, kanti abakhiqizi abambalwa bahola njalo. Izinkampani ezifana nePanasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, kanye ne-EBL zizuze idumela lazo ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu. I-Panasonic, isibonelo, idume ngamabhethri ayo e-lithium-ion athuthukile, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zikagesi kanye ne-electronics yabathengi. I-LG Chem kanye ne-Samsung SDI zivelele ngamaketanga azo okuhlinzeka aqinile kanye namasheya emakethe abalulekile, kanti i-Samsung SDI ibika imali engenayo yonyaka yokuthengiswa kwemboni yamabhethri engu-KRW 15.7 trillion. I-CATL ihamba phambili ekusimeni nasekukhuleni, kuyilapho i-EBL inikeza izixazululo ezinamandla kakhulu ezenzelwe izidingo zabathengi. Laba bakhiqizi babeka izilinganiso zamabhethri ashajwayo asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu maqondana nokuqina, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• I-Panasonic, i-LG Chem, i-Samsung SDI, i-CATL, kanye ne-EBLamabhethri amahle ashajwayoInkampani ngayinye inekhono elihle ezintweni ezifana nemibono emisha, ukulondoloza imvelo, kanye nokusebenza kahle.
• Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angcono kakhulu ekugcineni amandla amaningi futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Asebenza kahle kumafoni nasezimotweni zikagesi, anikeza amandla azinzile futhi aqinile.
• Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu kumabhethri ashajwayo. Hlola amalebula afana ne-IEC 62133 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi alandela imithetho yokuphepha futhi wehlise amathuba ezinkinga.
• Cabanga ngalokho idivayisi yakho ekudingayo lapho ukhetha ibhethri. Khetha elifanela izidingo zamandla zedivayisi yakho ukuze isetshenziswe kangcono futhi iphile isikhathi eside.
• Ukunakekela amabhethri kungenza ahlale isikhathi eside. Wagcine kude nezindawo ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo futhi ungawakhokhisi ngokweqile ukuze aqhubeke esebenza kahle.

Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Amabhethri Angashajwa Kabusha Asezingeni Eliphezulu

Ubuningi Bamandla

Ubuningi bamandla buyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwamabhethri ashajwayo. Kukala inani lamandla agcinwe ngesisindo noma ivolumu ngayinye, okuthonya ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri kanye nokuphatheka kwalo. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion, isibonelo, anikeza ubuningi bamandla e-gravimetric obusukela ku-110 kuya ku-160 Wh/kg, okwenza abe afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga imithombo yamandla elula nencane, njengama-smartphone nezimoto zikagesi.

Ukushintshana phakathi kobuningi bamandla nezinye izici, njengokuphila komjikelezo, kuyabonakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamabhethri. Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) ahlinzeka ngobuningi bamandla obuphakathi kuka-60 no-120 Wh/kg, okulinganisa umthamo omaphakathi kanye nokufinyeleleka kalula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabhethri e-alkaline angasetshenziswa kabusha aletha ubuningi bamandla bokuqala obungu-80 Wh/kg kodwa anempilo yomjikelezo elinganiselwe yemijikelezo engu-50 kuphela.

Uhlobo Lwebhethri	Ubuningi Bamandla E-Gravimetric (Wh/kg)	Impilo Yomjikelezo (kuya ku-80% womthamo wokuqala)	Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi (mΩ)
I-NiCd	45-80	1500	100 kuya ku-200
I-NiMH	60-120	300 kuya ku-500	200 kuya ku-300
I-asidi ye-lead	30-50	200 kuya ku-300	<100
I-Li-ion	110-160	500 kuya ku-1000	150 kuya ku-250
I-polymer ye-Li-ion	100-130	300 kuya ku-500	200 kuya ku-300
I-Alkaline Engasetshenziswa Kabusha	80 (eyokuqala)	50	Kusukela ngo-200 kuya ku-2000

Icebiso:Abathengi abafunaamabhethri ashajwayo asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulukufanele kubekwe phambili izinketho ze-lithium-ion zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla amaningi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside komjikelezo.

Isikhathi Sokuphila Nokuqina

Isikhathi sokuphila sebhethri elishajekayo sibhekisela enanini lemijikelezo yokushaja engamelana nayo ngaphambi kokuba umthamo wayo wehle ngaphansi kuka-80% wenani lokuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqina kuhlanganisa ikhono lebhethri lokubekezelela ukucindezeleka kwemvelo, njengokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nemiphumela yemishini.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside sokuphila kanye namamodeli okuguga asheshisiwe kube wusizo ekuhloleni ukuqina kwebhethri. Lokhu kuhlolwa kulingisa izimo zomhlaba wangempela, kufaka phakathi ukujula okuhlukahlukene kokukhishwa kanye namazinga okushaja, ukubikezela ubude bebhethri. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile ahlala phakathi kwemijikelezo engu-500 nengu-1,000, kuye ngamaphethini okusetshenziswa kanye nezimo zokugcina. Amabhethri e-nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), aziwa ngokuqina kwawo, angafinyelela imijikelezo efinyelela ku-1,500, okwenza afaneleke ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni.

Qaphela:Ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kahle kwandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri. Gwema ukubeka amabhethri emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma ukushaja ngokweqile ukuze alondoloze ukuqina kwawo.

Izici Zokuphepha

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwebhethri elishajekayo, njengoba izehlakalo ezihilela ukwehluleka kwebhethri zingaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele. Abakhiqizi bafaka izindlela eziningi zokuphepha, njengokunqamula ukushisa, izikhala zokukhulula ingcindezi, kanye nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe ze-electrolyte, ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi.

Izigameko zokuphepha zomlando zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okuqinile kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-IEC 62133. Isibonelo, i-Boeing 787 Dreamliner yabhekana nokwehluleka kwebhethri ngo-2013 ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kukagesi, okwabangela ukuguqulwa komklamo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha. Ngokufanayo, ukuphahlazeka kwendiza ye-UPS 747-400 ngo-2010 kwaqokomisa izingozi zomlilo webhethri le-lithium, okwaholela emithethweni eqinile yezokuthutha emoyeni.

Incazelo Yesigameko	Unyaka	Umphumela
Ukwehluleka kwebhethri le-Boeing 787 Dreamliner ngenxa yokuntuleka kukagesi	2013	Umklamo webhethri ushintshiwe ngenxa yokuphepha
Umlilo we-UPS 747-400 obangelwe yibhethri le-lithium	2010	Ukuphahlazeka kwendiza ngenxa yomlilo
IBhodi Kazwelonke Yezokuphepha Kwezokuthutha ibike izehlakalo zamabhethri ngamabhethri e-NiCd	Iminyaka yama-1970	Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha okwenziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Isexwayiso:Abathengi kufanele bafune izitifiketi ezifana ne-IEC 62133 lapho bethenga amabhethri ashajwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke.

Ukungaguquguquki Kokusebenza

Ukungaguquguquki kokusebenza kuyisici esibalulekile lapho kuhlolwa amabhethri ashajwayo. Kubhekisela ekhonweni lebhethri lokugcina izilinganiso zokusebenza ezizinzile, njengokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla, ngaphezu kwemijikelezo ephindaphindwayo yokukhipha ukushaja. Abakhiqizi babeka phambili lesi sici ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-elekthronikhi abathengi kuya emishinini yezimboni.

Amamethrikhi Ayisihluthulelo Okulinganisa Ukungaguquguquki

Ukuhlolwa okuningana kanye nezilinganiso zihlola ukuhambisana kokusebenza kwamabhethri ashajwayo. Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza ukuqonda kokuthi ibhethri ligcina kahle kangakanani amandla alo kanye nokusebenza kwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ithebula elingezansi liqokomisa ezinye zezilinganiso ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa embonini:

Ukuhlolwa/Isilinganiso	Inani kumjikelezo wama-235	Incazelo
Ukugcinwa Kwamandla (i-Bare Si-C)	70.4%	Kubonisa iphesenti lomthamo wokuqala ogciniwe ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-235.
Ukugcinwa Kwamandla (Si-C/PD1)	85.2%	Ukugcinwa okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Si-C engenalutho, okubonisa ukusebenza okungcono.
Ukugcinwa Kwamandla (Si-C/PD2)	87.9%	Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwamasampula, okubonisa ukuzinza okuphezulu phakathi kwemijikelezo.
cisamba (60% i-Electrolyte)	60.9 mAh μl–1	Isibonakaliso sokusebenza esivumelanayo, esingathinteki yivolumu ye-electrolyte.
cisamba (80% Electrolyte)	60.8 mAh μl–1	Kufana ne-electrolyte engu-60%, okubonisa ukuthembeka kuzo zonke izimo ezahlukene.
Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo Yomjikelezo	Akukho	Indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlola ukusebenza kwebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Idatha yembula ukuthi amabhethri anezindlela ezithuthukisiwe, njenge-Si-C/PD2, abonisa ukugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusungula izinto ezintsha ekufezeni ukusebenza okulinganayo.

Izici Ezithonya Ukuzinza Kokusebenza

Kunezici eziningana ezifaka isandla ekuhambisaneni kwamabhethri ashajwayo. Lezi zifaka:

• Ukwakheka Kwezinto: Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengezinhlanganisela ze-silicon-carbon, zithuthukisa ukuzinza futhi zinciphise ukuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Electrolyte: Ivolumu efanele ye-electrolyte iqinisekisa ukugeleza kwe-ion okufanayo, okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza.
• Ukuphathwa Kokushisa: Ukushabalalisa ukushisa okuphumelelayo kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, okungafaka engcupheni ubuqotho bebhethri.

Ishadi elingezansi libonisa ukuthi ukucushwa kwebhethri okuhlukene kusebenza kanjani maqondana nokugcinwa komthamo kanye nomthamo ophelele (cisiyonke) ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene:

Kungani Ukuvumelana Kokusebenza Kubalulekile

Ukusebenza kahle njalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi asebenza ngamabhethri ashajwayo asebenza ngokwethembeka kuyo yonke impilo yawo. Isibonelo, izimoto zikagesi zidinga ukukhishwa kwamandla okuzinzile ukuze zigcine ibanga lokushayela, kuyilapho amadivayisi ezokwelapha encike emandleni angaphazanyiswa ekusebenzeni okubalulekile. Amabhethri anokuguquguquka okungekuhle angase alahlekelwe amandla ngokushesha, okuholela ekushintsheni njalo kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo.

Icebiso:Abathengi kufanele bacabangele amabhethri anezilinganiso zokugcina amandla eziqinisekisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Ngokugxila ekusebenzeni okulinganayo, abakhiqizi bangaletha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje ngenkathi benciphisa imiphumela yemvelo neyomnotho.

Abakhiqizi Abaphezulu Namandla Abo

I-Panasonic: Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Nokuthembeka

I-Panasonic izibonakalise njengephayona embonini yamabhethri ashajwayo ngokusebenzisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha okungapheli kanye nokuzibophezela ekuthembekeni. Le nkampani itshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze idale ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusezingeni eliphezulu obuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi ezishintshashintshayo. Amabhethri ayo e-lithium-ion, aziwa ngokuminyana kwawo kwamandla aphezulu kanye nemijikelezo yempilo ende, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezimoto zikagesi kanye ne-electronics zabathengi.

• I-Panasonic'si-eneloop™Amabhethri ashajwayo ahlukile ngokuqina kwawo okumangalisayo, anikeza imijikelezo yokushaja ephindwe kahlanu kunemikhiqizo eminingi encintisanayo.
• Abasebenzisi babika njalo ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nezikhathi zokushaja okusheshayo, okugcizelela idumela lomkhiqizo lokuthembeka.
• Le nkampani ibeka phambili ukuphepha ngokufaka izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukufinyela kwe-shortcircuit, kanye nokunye ukwehluleka okungenzeka. Ibhethri ngalinye lihlolwa kanzima ukuze lihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile, okuqinisekisa ukuqina ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima.

Ukugxila kwePanasonic ekusimeni okuzinzile kuthuthukisa ukukhanga kwayo. Ngokulondoloza amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokunciphisa imfucuza ngokusebenzisa isikhathi eside sebhethri, inkampani ihambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni. Lezi zimfanelo zenza iPanasonic ibe yisinqumo esiphezulu kubathengi abafunaamabhethri ashajwayo asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

I-LG Chem: Ubuchwepheshe Obuthuthukisiwe

I-LG Chem ithole isikhundla sayo njengomholi emakethe yamabhethri ashajwayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokugxila kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle. Amabhethri ayo e-lithium-ion adume kakhulu ngokusebenza kwawo emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, lapho ukuqina kanye nokungabizi kakhulu kubalulekile.

• Umkhiqizo we-RESU wenkampani wokugcina amandla okusebenza ekhaya uthole udumo olukhulu ngekhwalithi yawo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
• I-LG Chem ibambisana nabakhiqizi bezimoto abangu-16 kwabangu-29 abaphambili emhlabeni, okwenza iqine njengomhlinzeki wamabhethri ezimoto omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni.
• Amabhethri ayo e-lithium-ion angu-12V aletha amandla aphezulu okukhipha kanye nokukwazi ukushaja okusheshayo, okwenza abe ngcono kakhulu ezixazululweni zokugcina amandla.

1. I-LG Chem isebenzisa izitshalo zokukhiqiza ezingu-40 kuwo wonke amazwekazi amathathu, iqinisekisa amakhono okukhiqiza aqinile.
2. Le nkampani inezitifiketi zokuphepha eziningi, ezithuthukisa ukwethembeka kwayo kanye nokwethenjwa kwabathengi.
3. Amabhethri ayo ahlala ekhombisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ngezici ezifana nokushaja okusheshayo kanye nokulethwa kwamandla okuthembekile.

Ngokuhlanganisa ubuhle kwezobuchwepheshe nokuzibophezela kwikhwalithi, i-LG Chem iyaqhubeka nokubeka izilinganiso embonini yamabhethri ashajwayo.

I-Samsung SDI: Ukuguquguquka kanye nokusebenza

I-Samsung SDI iyazigqaja ngokuletha amabhethri aphinde ashajwe asebenza kahle futhi aguquguqukayo. Imikhiqizo yayo yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-elekthronikhi abathengi kuya ezimotweni zikagesi.

• Amabhethri e-Samsung SDI anamandla amakhulu angu-900 Wh/L, okwenza kube lula ukwenza amadizayini amancane ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni amandla.
• Njengoba impilo yomjikelezo omude idlula imijikelezo eyi-1,000 kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-Coulomb okungu-99.8%, lawa mabhethri aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Emakethe yezimoto zikagesi, amabhethri e-Samsung SDI avumela ibanga lokushayela elingafika kumakhilomitha angu-800 ngokushaja okukodwa, okubonisa ukugcinwa kwawo kwamandla okuphezulu.

Ukugxila kwenkampani ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kudlulela ezinqubweni zayo zokukhiqiza, ezibeka phambili ukusimama nokusebenza kahle. Ngokuletha izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa neziguquguqukayo, i-Samsung SDI iqinise idumela layo njengomholi emakethe yamabhethri ashajwayo.

I-CATL: Ukusimama kanye Nokukhula

I-CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited) ivele njengomholi womhlaba wonke ekukhiqizweni kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe, iqhutshwa ukuzibophezela kwayo ekusimeni nasekukhuleni. Le nkampani iphishekela ngenkuthalo izixazululo ezintsha zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ngenkathi ihlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.

• I-CATL izibekele imigomo emikhulu yokufinyelela ukukhishwa kwegesi okungenayo igesi ngo-2050. Ihlela ukufaka ugesi ezimotweni zabagibeli ngo-2030 kanye namaloli asindayo ngo-2035, okubonisa ukuzinikela kwayo kwezokuthutha ezisimeme.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion kukhombisa ikhono le-CATL lokusungula izinto ezintsha. Lawa mabhethri anikeza amandla okushaja okusheshayo kanye nobuningi bamandla aphezulu, okwenza afaneleke ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene.
• Ukwethulwa kwebhethri le-M3P kuphawula elinye iqophelo elibalulekile. Leli bhethri lithuthukisa ubuningi bamandla ngenkathi linciphisa izindleko uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP).
• Ibhethri elihlanganisiwe le-CATL, elinamandla angu-500 Wh/kg, lizokhiqizwa ngobuningi ekupheleni kuka-2023. Lokhu kuthuthuka kubeka inkampani njengephayona kubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukugxila kwe-CATL ekukhuliseni kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yayo ingahlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni ezisukela ezimotweni zikagesi kuya ekugcinweni kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuzinza nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, i-CATL iyaqhubeka nokubeka izilinganiso zamabhethri ashajwayo asezingeni eliphezulu.

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I-EBL: Izinketho Ezingaphinde Zishajwe Ezinomthamo Ophakeme

I-EBL igxile ekukhiqizeni amabhethri angakwazi ukushajwa kabusha anamandla aphezulu afanela izidingo zabathengi. Lo mkhiqizo waziwa ngokungabizi kwawo kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlola amandla iveza ukungafani phakathi kokusebenza okukhangisiwe kanye nokusebenza kwangempela.

Uhlobo Lwebhethri	Amandla Okukhangiswa	Amandla Alinganisiwe	Umehluko
Amabhethri e-EBL AA	2800mAh	2000-2500mAh	300-800mAh
Amabhethri e-EBL Dragon	2800mAh	2500mAh	300mAh
Unyaka Wedrako AAA	1100mAh	950-960mAh	140-150mAh

Naphezu kwalokhu kungafani, amabhethri e-EBL ahlala eyindlela ethembekile kubathengi abafuna izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu. Uchungechunge lwe-Year of the Dragon ludlula amaseli ajwayelekile e-EBL, lunikeza ukugcinwa okungcono kwamandla. Amabhethri e-EBL AA ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-2000-2500mAh, kuyilapho amabhethri e-Dragon efinyelela cishe ku-2500mAh.

Icebiso:Abathengi kufanele bacabangele amabhethri e-EBL uma besebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukungabizi kanye nomthamo ophakathi kuyizinto eziza kuqala. Nakuba amandla alinganisiwe angase angabi ngaphansi kwezicelo ezikhangisiwe, amabhethri e-EBL asanikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile kokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

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I-Tenergy Pro ne-XTAR: Izinketho Ezithembekile Nezingabizi

I-Tenergy Pro kanye ne-XTAR zizibonakalise njengemikhiqizo ethembekile emakethe yamabhethri ashajwayo. Imikhiqizo yabo inikeza ibhalansi yokuthengeka kanye nokuthembeka, okwenza ibe yinhle kakhulu kubathengi abaqaphela isabelomali.

Amabhethri ashajwayo e-Tenergy, njengemodeli ye-2600mAh AA, ahlinzeka ngokonga okukhulu kwezindleko ngemva kokushajwa okumbalwa nje. Abasebenzisi babuyisa imali yabo yokutshala imali ngemva kwemijikelezo emithathu, kanti ukushajwa okwengeziwe kunikeza ukonga okwengeziwe. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kwezindleko kwenza amabhethri e-Tenergy abe yindlela ewusizo kunezinketho ezijwayelekile ze-alkaline.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthembeka kugqamisa ukuqina kwamabhethri e-Tenergy. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Wirecutter kukhombisa ukuthi amabhethri e-Tenergy angu-800mAh NiMH AA ahlala eduze nomthamo wawo okhangisiwe ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja engu-50. Izifundo ze-Trailcam Pro zembula ukuthi amabhethri e-Tenergy Premium AA agcina u-86% womthamo wawo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ezimweni ezinzima.

Amabhethri e-XTAR nawo aletha imiphumela ethembekile. Aziwa ngokwakhiwa kwawo okuqinile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, imikhiqizo ye-XTAR inakekela abathengi abafuna amabhethri angabizi kodwa asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ngokuhlanganisa ukungabizi kakhulu nokuthembeka okuqinisekisiwe, i-Tenergy Pro ne-XTAR zinikeza izixazululo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kumadivayisi asekhaya kuya kumishini yangaphandle.

Izinhlobo Zamabhethri Angaphinde Ashajwe kanye Namacala Okusetshenziswa Kahle Kakhulu

Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion: Amandla Aphezulu kanye Nokuguquguquka

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion alawula imakethe yamabhethri ashajwayo ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo kwamandla nokusebenza kahle kwawo. Lawa mabhethri agcina phakathi kuka-150-250 Wh/kg, ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kahle njenge-lithium polymer (130-200 Wh/kg) kanye ne-lithium iron phosphate (90-120 Wh/kg). Ukuminyana kwawo kwamandla aphezulu kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga imiklamo emincane, njengama-smartphone, ama-laptop, kanye nezimoto zikagesi.

• Ukusebenza kahle: Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion abonisa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha ishaja okungu-90-95%, okunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
• Ukuqina: Zisekela impilo yomjikelezo ende, zivumela ukusetshenziswa njalo ngaphandle kokwehla okukhulu kwamandla.
• UkulungiswaNgokungafani nobuchwepheshe obudala, amabhethri e-lithium-ion adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, okususa isidingo sokukhishwa njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe umphumela wememori.

Lezi zimfanelo zenza amabhethri e-lithium-ion abe nokuguquguquka kuzo zonke izimboni. Kuma-electronics asetshenziswa ngabathengi, avumela imiklamo elula kanye namandla ahlala isikhathi eside. Emkhakheni wezimoto, ahlinzeka ngebanga lokushayela elide kanye namakhono okushaja okusheshayo, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimoto zikagesi.

Ithiphu: Abathengi abafuna amabhethri athembekile, asebenza kahle kakhulu amadivayisi asetshenziswa njalo kufanele babeke phambili izinketho ze-lithium-ion.

Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride: Angabizi futhi Ahlala Isikhathi Eside

Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) anikeza ibhalansi yokuthengeka nokuqina, okwenza abe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezicelo zasekhaya nezezimboni. Abekezelela imijikelezo yokushaja engu-300-800, agcina amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ahlinzeka ngokonga isikhathi eside.

• Izinzuzo ZezomnothoNakuba izindleko zawo zokuqala ziphakeme kunezisele ezomile ezilahlwayo, amabhethri e-NiMH aba ngcono ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa yokushaja kabusha.
• Izindleko Zomjikelezo WokuphilaAmabhethri e-NiMH esimanje anezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ezingu-$0.28/Wh, okuphansi ngo-40% kunezinye izindlela ze-lithium-ion.
• Ukusimama: Ukushajwa kwazo kabusha kunciphisa imfucuza, kuhambisana nemigomo yezemvelo.

Amabhethri e-NiMH afaneleka kahle kumadivayisi adinga amandla aphansi, njengamakhamera, amathoyizi, kanye nokukhanya okuphathekayo. Ukuqina kwawo kuwenza athembeke ezimweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, okuhlanganisa imishini yezokwelapha kanye nezinhlelo eziphuthumayo.

InothiAbathengi abafuna izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu ezinezidingo zamandla ezilinganiselwe kufanele bacabangele amabhethri e-NiMH.

Amabhethri e-Lead-Acid: Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezinzima

Amabhethri e-lead-acid ahamba phambili ekusetshenzisweni okunzima ngenxa yokuqina kwawo kanye nekhono lokusingatha izimo zesimo sokushaja esingaphelele ezingeni eliphezulu. Izifundo ziqokomisa intuthuko ekwamukelweni kweshaja kanye nokuphila komjikelezo ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo zekhabhoni kanye namanethiwekhi e-nanofiber aqhubayo.

Isihloko Sesifundo	Okutholakele Okubalulekile
Umthelela Wezithasiselo Zekhabhoni Ekwamukelweni Kweshaja	Ukwamukelwa kweshaja okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphila komjikelezo ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sokushaja okungaphelele.
Ama-Nanofiber e-Carbon ahlanganisiwe	Ukutholakala kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokukhuthazela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Izilinganiso Zokulahlekelwa Yigesi Nokulahlekelwa Yimanzi	Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela.

Lawa mabhethri avame ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni yezimoto, yezimboni, kanye neyamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuthembeka kwawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kuwenza abaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni amandla imishini ebalulekile kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.

IsexwayisoAmabhethri e-lead-acid afaneleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu, njengezinhlelo zokusekela kanye nemishini esindayo.

Amabhethri e-NiMH: Ahlala Isikhathi Eside Futhi Azikhipha Kancane

Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) ahlukile ngekhono lawo lokugcina ukushaja isikhathi eside. Amaseli e-NiMH anamuhla aphansi okuzikhipha (LSD) aklanywe ukuze abhekane nenkinga evamile yokulahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri ahlala elungele ukusetshenziswa ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga zokugcina. Lesi sici siwenza afaneleke kakhulu kumadivayisi adinga amandla athembekile ngaphandle kokushaja njalo, njengezilawuli ezikude, amathoshi, namakhibhodi angenantambo.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zamabhethri e-NiMH

• Ukukhipha Okuphansi Kokuzikhipha: Amabhethri e-LSD NiMH agcina ukushaja kwawo kufika ku-85% ngemva konyaka wokugcina, okwenza kube ngcono kunamamodeli amadala e-NiMH.
• Ukusebenza Okuhlala Isikhathi Eside: Lawa mabhethri abekezelela imijikelezo yokushaja engu-300 kuya ku-500, enikeza amandla aphuma njalo kuyo yonke impilo yawo.
• Umklamo Onobungani Nemvelo: Amabhethri e-NiMH aphinde ashajwe anciphisa imfucuza ngokushintsha amabhethri e-alkaline alahlwayo, okuhambisana nemigomo yokusimama.

Nokho, ukushaja okuqhubekayo kungasheshisa ukuwohloka kwamabhethri asekelwe ku-nickel. Abasebenzisi kufanele bagweme ukushiya amabhethri e-NiMH kumashaja isikhathi eside ukuze balondoloze isikhathi sabo eside. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Eneloop ne-Ladda ibonise ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, kanti amanye amamodeli abonisa ukuqina okungcono kunamanye.

Ithiphu: Ukuze wandise isikhathi sokuphila samabhethri e-NiMH, wasuse kumashaja uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele bese uwagcina endaweni epholile, eyomile.

Izicelo kanye Nokuguquguquka

Amabhethri e-NiMH ahamba phambili ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukukhishwa kwamandla okulinganiselwe kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. Amazinga awo aphansi okuzikhipha awenza afanelekele amadivayisi aphuthumayo, njengezitholi zomusi kanye nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezisekelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lawo lokuphatha amadivayisi akhipha amanzi amaningi, okuhlanganisa amakhamera edijithali kanye nezilawuli zemidlalo, libonisa ukuguquguquka kwawo.

Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqina nobuchwepheshe bokuzikhipha amandla obuphansi, amabhethri e-NiMH anikeza ikhambi elithembekile kubathengi abafuna izinketho zokushaja ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ukwakheka kwawo okunobungani nemvelo kanye nokusebenza kwawo njalo kuwenza abe ukukhetha okuwusizo kokubili kwezicelo zansuku zonke kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Kubathengi

Ukufanisa Uhlobo Lwebhethri Nedivayisi

Ukukhetha kwesokudlaibhethri elishajekayo ledivayisiiqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Uhlobo ngalunye lwebhethri lunikeza izici ezihlukile ezifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion, isibonelo, afaneleka kakhulu kumadivayisi anamandla aphezulu njengama-smartphone, ama-laptop, kanye nezimoto zikagesi ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle. Amabhethri e-Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), ngakolunye uhlangothi, asebenza kahle kumadivayisi asekhaya afana namakhamera namathoyizi, anikeza ukuqina kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla okuphakathi.

Amadivayisi anezidingo zamandla aphezulu, njengemishini yezokwelapha noma amathuluzi ezimboni, azuza kumabhethri e-lead-acid, aziwa ngokuqina kwawo nokuthembeka kwawo. Kumadivayisi akhipha amanzi kancane njengezilawuli ezikude noma amathoshi, amabhethri e-NiMH anezinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo ngezikhathi ezinde. Ukuqondanisa uhlobo lwebhethri nedivayisi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokushintsha njalo, konga isikhathi nemali.

Ithiphu: Hlola njalo izincomo zomenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri nedivayisi ziyahambisana.

Isabelomali kanye Nezindleko

Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni amabhethri ashajwayo. Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zingase zibonakale ziphakeme kunezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa, amabhethri ashajwayo anikeza ukonga okukhulu kwesikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ibhethri le-lithium-ion elinezindleko zokuqala ezingu-$50 lingashajwa izikhathi ezifika ku-1,000, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko ngokusetshenziswa ngakunye.

Uhlobo Lwezindleko	Imininingwane
Izindleko Zokuqala	Amamojula ebhethri, ama-inverter, abalawuli bokushaja, ukufakwa, izimvume.
Ukonga Kwesikhathi Eside	Ukunciphisa izindleko zikagesi, ukugwema izindleko zokungasebenzi kahle, kanye nenzuzo engaba khona.
Izindleko Zomjikelezo Wokuphila	Ukulungiswa, izindleko zokushintsha, iziqinisekiso, kanye nokusekelwa.
Isibonelo Sokubala	Izindleko zokuqala: $50,000; Ukonga konyaka: $5,000; Isikhathi sokukhokha: iminyaka eyi-10.

Abathengi kufanele futhi bacabangele izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokulungisa nezokufaka esikhundleni. Amabhethri aphila isikhathi eside kanye neziqinisekiso avame ukunikeza inani elingcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amanani ancintisanayo emakethe azuzisa abathengi, njengoba abakhiqizi besungula izinto ezintsha ukuze banikeze izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu.

Umthelela Wezemvelo Nokuzinza

Amabhethri aphinde ashajwe anegalelo ekusimeni ngokunciphisa imfucuza nokulondoloza izinsiza. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, isibonelo, anomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezilahlwayo. Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila (i-LCA) kuhlola imiphumela yawo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, ubuthi kubantu, kanye nokuncipha kwezinsiza, okusiza abathengi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Isigaba Somthelela	I-ASSB-LSB	I-LIB-NMC811	I-ASSB-NMC811
Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu	Ngaphansi	Okuphakeme	Okuphakeme
Ubuthi Bomuntu	Ngaphansi	Ngaphansi	Ngaphansi
Ukuncipha Kwemithombo Yamaminerali	Ngaphansi	Ngaphansi	Ngaphansi
Ukwakheka kwe-Photochemical Oxidant	Ngaphansi	Ngaphansi	Ngaphansi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri, njengebhethri le-sodium-ion kanye ne-aluminium-ion, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusimama ngokusebenzisa izinto eziningi kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni ezingavamile zomhlaba. Ngokukhetha izinketho ezinobungani nemvelo, abathengi banganciphisa ukuthinteka kwabo kwemvelo ngenkathi bejabulela izixazululo zamandla ezinokwethenjelwa.

Inothi: Ukulahlwa kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukulimala kwemvelo nokubuyisa izinto ezibalulekile.

Idumela Lomkhiqizo kanye Newaranti

Idumela lomkhiqizo lidlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yamabhethri ashajwayo. Abathengi bavame ukuhlobanisa imikhiqizo eseyivele isunguliwe nokuthembeka, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Abakhiqizi abanedumela elihle bahlala beletha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana noma edlula amazinga embonini. Ukuzibophezela kwabo ekhwalithini kukhuthaza ukwethembana nokwethembeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi.

Ukumbozwa kwewaranti kuqinisa kakhulu ukwethembeka komkhiqizo. Iwaranti ephelele ibonisa ukuzethemba komkhiqizi ekuqineni nasekusebenzeni kwamabhethri akhe. Isikhathi eside sewaranti sibonisa ukuzibophezela ekuphileni isikhathi eside komkhiqizo, kuyilapho insizakalo yamakhasimende ephendulayo iqinisekisa inqubo yokufaka izicelo engenazihibe. Lezi zinto zinegalelo ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kwabathengi futhi zinciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokuthenga amabhethri ashajwayo.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zodumo Lomkhiqizo kanye Newaranti

Isici Esiyinhloko	Incazelo
Umjikelezo wokuphila	Amabhethri kufanele abhekane nemijikelezo eminingi yokushaja ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu ekusebenzeni.
Izici Zokuphepha	Funa amabhethri anezivikelo zokushaja ngokweqile, ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nama-short-circuits.
Ukubekezelela Izinga Lokushisa	Amabhethri kumele asebenze kahle ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa.
Amakhono Okushaja Okusheshayo	Khetha amabhethri angashaja ngokushesha ukuze anciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Isikhathi Sewaranti	Iwaranti ende ikhombisa ukuzethemba komkhiqizi esikhathini eside somkhiqizo.
Ukumbozwa Okuphelele	Iziqinisekiso kufanele zimboze izinkinga ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kumaphutha kuya ekuhlulekeni kokusebenza kahle.
Ubulula Bezimangalo	Inqubo yokufaka isimangalo sewaranti kufanele ibe lula futhi isebenziseke kalula.
Insizakalo yekhasimende	Iziqinisekiso ezinhle zisekelwa ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende okuphendulayo.

Imikhiqizo efana nePanasonic kanye ne-LG Chem ibonisa ukubaluleka kwedumela kanye newaranti. Izinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile zePanasonic ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka, kuyilapho ukubambisana kwe-LG Chem nabakhiqizi bezimoto abaphambili kugqamisa ukubuswa kwayo embonini. Zombili izinkampani zinikeza iwaranti emboza amaphutha nezinkinga zokusebenza, okunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo kubathengi.

Ithiphu: Abathengi kufanele babeke phambili imikhiqizo enedumela eliqinisekisiwe kanye neziqinisekiso ezinikeza ukumbozwa okuphelele. Lokhu kuvikela ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi kuqinisekisa ukwaneliseka kwesikhathi eside.

Ngokukhetha abakhiqizi abathembekile abaneziqinisekiso eziqinile, abathengi bangajabulela ukusebenza okuthembekile kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe. Le ndlela inciphisa izingozi futhi ithuthukise inani eliphelele lamabhethri ashajwayo.

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Imboni yamabhethri ashajwayo ichuma ngokusungula izinto ezintsha, abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bebeka izilinganiso zokusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nokusimama. Izinkampani ezifana nePanasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, kanye ne-EBL zibonise ubuchwepheshe bazo ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo ethembekile. Isibonelo, iPanasonic ivelele ekuqineni, kuyilapho i-CATL igxile ekuqineni nasekukhuleni. Lawa mandla aqinise izikhundla zawo njengabaholi bemakethe.

Abadlali Ababalulekile	Isabelo Semakethe	Intuthuko Yamuva
I-Panasonic	25%	Ukwethulwa komkhiqizo omusha ku-Q1 2023
I-LG Chem	20%	Ukutholwa Kwenkampani X
I-Samsung SDI	15%	Ukwanda ezimakethe zaseYurophu

Ukuqonda izinhlobo zamabhethri kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi kubalulekile ekukhetheni amabhethri ashajwayo asezingeni eliphezulu. Izici ezifana nobuningi bamandla, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nezici zokuphepha ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Abathengi kufanele bahlole izidingo zabo ezithile, njengokuhambisana kwedivayisi kanye nomthelela wemvelo, ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Ngokucabanga ngalezi zici, abathengi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nezidingo zabo futhi zinegalelo ekusaseni elizinzile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiluphi uhlobo lwebhethri elishajwayo olungcono kakhulu kumadivayisi avamile?

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion afaneleka kakhulu kumadivayisi ansuku zonke afana nama-smartphone nama-laptop ngenxa yokuthi anamandla amaningi futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Ezintweni zasekhaya ezifana nezilawuli ezikude noma amathoshi, amabhethri e-NiMH anezinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuthembekile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

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Ngingayandisa kanjani impilo yamabhethri ami ashajwayo?

Gcina amabhethri endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi ugweme ukuwabeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Susa amabhethri kumashaja uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele ukuze ugweme ukushaja ngokweqile. Landela iziqondiso zomenzi zokusetshenziswa okufanele nokugcinwa kwawo ukuze wandise isikhathi sawo sokuphila.

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Ingabe amabhethri ashajwayo anobungani nemvelo?

Amabhethri aphinde ashajwe anciphisa imfucuza ngokushintsha izinketho ezilahlwayo, okwenza kube nobungane kakhulu nemvelo. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion kanye ne-NiMH anemiphumela ephansi kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ngendlela efanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile ziyatholwa, okunciphisa kakhulu ukunyathela kwazo kwezemvelo.

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Ngilikhetha kanjani ibhethri elifanele ukushajwa kabusha ledivayisi yami?

Qondanisa uhlobo lwebhethri nezidingo zamandla zedivayisi yakho. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion afanela amadivayisi anamandla aphezulu, kanti amabhethri e-NiMH asebenza kahle ezinhlelweni zamandla aphakathi nendawo. Hlola njalo izincomo zomenzi ukuze uthole ukuhambisana ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

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Yiziphi izici zokuphepha okufanele ngizibheke kumabhethri ashajwayo?

Funa amabhethri anezivikelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ekushajeni ngokweqile, ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo. Izitifiketi ezifana ne-IEC 62133 zibonisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.