Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamabhethri aphinde ashajwa ichuma ngokusungula izinto ezintsha nokwethembeka, nabakhiqizi abambalwa abahlale behola phambili. Izinkampani ezifana nePanasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, ne-EBL zithole idumela lazo ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu nokusebenza okumangalisayo. I-Panasonic, ngokwesibonelo, idume ngamabhethri ayo e-lithium-ion athuthukile, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi nasezintweni zikagesi zabathengi. Abakwa-LG Chem kanye ne-Samsung SDI bagqama ngamaketanga abo aqinile namasheya abalulekile emakethe, kanti abakwaSamsung SDI babika imali engenayo yonyaka yomkhakha wokuthengisa wamabhethri engu-KRW 15.7 trillion. I-CATL ihamba phambili ekusimameni nasekulinganiseni, kuyilapho i-EBL inikeza izixazululo zomthamo omkhulu eziklanyelwe izidingo zabathengi. Laba bakhiqizi bamisa amabhentshimakhi ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yamabhethri angashajwa ngokuya ngokuqina, ukuphepha, nokusebenza okungaguquguquki.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• I-Panasonic, i-LG Chem, i-Samsung SDI, i-CATL, ne-EBL makeamabhethri amakhulu angashajwa. Inkampani ngayinye inhle ezintweni ezifana nemibono emisha, ubungani bemvelo, nokusebenza.
• Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angcono kakhulu okugcina amandla amaningi futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Zisebenza kahle kumafoni nasezimotweni zikagesi, zinikeza amandla angaguquki futhi aqinile.
• Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu kumabhethri angashajwa. Bheka amalebula afana ne-IEC 62133 ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi alandela imithetho yezokuphepha futhi ehlisa amathuba ezinkinga.
• Cabanga ngalokho okudingwa idivayisi yakho uma ukhetha ibhethri. Khetha eyodwa elingana nezidingo zamandla edivayisi yakho ukuze isetshenziswe kangcono nempilo ende.
• Ukunakekela amabhethri kungawenza ahlale isikhathi eside. Wagcine kude nezindawo ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo futhi ungawakhokhisi ngokweqile ukuze uwagcine esebenza kahle.

Imibandela Yekhwalithi Ephezulu Amabhethri Aphinde Ashajwe

Ukuminyana kwamandla

Ukuminyana kwamandla kuyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwamabhethri angashajwa. Ikala inani lamandla agcinwe ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo noma ivolumu, okunomthelela ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kahle nokuphatheka kwebhethri. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, isibonelo, anikeza amandla adonsela phansi asuka ku-110 kuye ku-160 Wh/kg, awenze afaneleke ezinhlelweni ezidinga imithombo yamandla angasindi nahlangene, njengama-smartphone nezimoto zikagesi.

Ukuhwebelana phakathi kokuminyana kwamandla nezinye izici, njengempilo yomjikelezo, kubonakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zebhethri. Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla phakathi kuka-60 no-120 Wh/kg, alinganisela umthamo omaphakathi nokufinyeleleka. Ngokuphambene, amabhethri e-alkaline asebenziseka kabusha aletha ukuminyana kwamandla okuqala okungu-80 Wh/kg kodwa anempilo yomjikelezo elinganiselwe yemijikelezo engu-50 kuphela.

Uhlobo Lwebhethri	I-Gravimetric Energy Density (Wh/kg)	I-Cycle Life (kuya ku-80% womthamo wokuqala)	Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi (mΩ)
I-NiCd	45-80	1500	100 kuya ku-200
NiMH	60-120	300 kuya ku-500	200 kuya ku-300
I-Lead Acid	30-50	200 kuya ku-300	<100
I-Li-ion	110-160	500 kuya ku-1000	150 kuya ku-250
I-polymer ye-Li-ion	100-130	300 kuya ku-500	200 kuya ku-300
I-Alkaline Engasetshenziswa Kabusha	80 (owokuqala)	50	200 kuya ku-2000

Ithiphu:Abathengi abafuna iamabhethri ashajwayo ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulukufanele ibeke phambili izinketho ze-lithium-ion zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nempilo yomjikelezo omude.

Ubude bempilo kanye Nokuqina

Ubude besikhathi bebhethri esitshajekayo bubhekisela enanini lemijikelezo yokushajwa engakwazi ukubekezelela ngaphambi kokuba umthamo walo wehle ube ngaphansi kuka-80% yenani lokuqala. Ukuqina, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlanganisa amandla ebhethri okumelana nezingcindezi zemvelo, njengokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomthelela wokusebenza.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside kwempilo kanye namamodeli okuguga asheshayo kube nesandla ekuhloleni ukuqina kwebhethri. Lokhu kuhlola kulingisa izimo zomhlaba wangempela, okuhlanganisa ukujula okuhlukahlukene kokukhipha nezilinganiso zokushaja, ukubikezela ubude bebhethri. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile ahlala phakathi kwemijikelezo engu-500 no-1,000, kuye ngamaphethini okusetshenziswa nezimo zokulondoloza. Amabhethri e-Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), aziwa ngokuqina kwawo, angafinyelela kuma-cycle angu-1,500, awenze afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.

Qaphela:Ukulondoloza nokugcinwa okufanele kwandisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri. Gwema ukubeka amabhethri emazingeni okushisa adlulele noma ukushajwa ngokweqile ukuze ulondoloze ukuqina kwawo.

Izici zokuphepha

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwebhethri elishajekayo, njengoba izehlakalo ezibandakanya ukwehluleka kwebhethri zingaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele. Abakhiqizi bahlanganisa izindlela zokuphepha eziningi, ezifana nokunqamuka kokushisa, izimbobo zokukhulula ingcindezi, nokwakheka kwe-electrolyte okuthuthukisiwe, ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi.

Izehlakalo ezingokomlando zokuphepha zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okuqinile nokuhambisana namazinga afana ne-IEC 62133. Isibonelo, i-Boeing 787 Dreamliner ihlangabezane nokuhluleka kwebhethri ngo-2013 ngenxa yezikhindi zikagesi, okuholele ekutheni kulungiswe imiklamo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha. Ngokufanayo, ukuphahlazeka kwe-UPS 747-400 ngo-2010 kwagqamisa ubungozi bomlilo webhethri ye-lithium, okuholela emithethweni eqinile yokuthutha emoyeni.

Incazelo yesigameko	Unyaka	Umphumela
I-Boeing 787 Dreamliner ibhethri yehlulekile ngenxa yokushoda kukagesi	2013	Idizayini yebhethri ilungiselwe ukuphepha
UPS 747-400 othutha umlilo obangelwa ibhethri ye-lithium	2010	Ukuphahlazeka kwendiza ngenxa yomlilo
I-National Transportation Safety Board ibike izehlakalo zebhethri ngamabhethri e-NiCd	1970s	Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha okwenziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Isexwayiso:Abasebenzisi kufanele babheke izitifiketi ezifana ne-IEC 62133 lapho bethenga amabhethri aphinde ashajwe ukuze baqinisekise ukuthobelana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke.

Ukungaguquguquki Kokusebenza

Ukungaguquguquki kokusebenza kuyisici esibalulekile lapho uhlola amabhethri angashajwa. Kubhekiselwa emandleni ebhethri okugcina amamethrikhi okusebenza azinzile, njengokugcina umthamo kanye nokuphuma kwamandla, emijikelezweni yokushajwa ephindaphindiwe. Abakhiqizi babeka phambili lesi sibaluli ukuze baqinisekise ukwethembeka kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-electronics abathengi kuya kumishini yezimboni.

Amamethrikhi angukhiye wokulinganisa ukuvumelana

Ukuhlola okuningana namamethrikhi kuhlola ukuvumelana kokusebenza kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwa. Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza imininingwane yokuthi ibhethri liwugcina kanjani amandla nokusebenza kwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa amanye amamethrikhi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini:

Isivivinyo/Metric	Ivelu ku-235th Cycle	Incazelo
Ukugcinwa kwamandla (Bare Si-C)	70.4%	Ibonisa iphesenti lomthamo wangempela ogcinwe ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-235.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla (Si-C/PD1)	85.2%	Ukugcinwa okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Si-C engenalutho, okubonisa ukusebenza okungcono.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla (Si-C/PD2)	87.9%	Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwamasampuli, okubonisa ukuzinza okuphakeme kunomjikelezo.
cisamba (60% Electrolyte)	60.9 mAh μl–1	Isikhombi sokusebenza esingaguquki, esingathinteki ngevolumu ye-electrolyte.
cisamba (80% Electrolyte)	60.8 mAh μl–1	Ifana ne-electrolyte engu-60%, ebonisa ukwethembeka kuzo zonke izimo ezihlukene.
Ukuhlola Impilo Yomjikelezo	N/A	Indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlola ukusebenza kwebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Idatha iveza ukuthi amabhethri anokwakheka okuthuthukile, njenge-Si-C/PD2, abonisa ukugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqamba izinto ezintsha ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okungaguquki.

Izici Ezithonya Ukuzinza Kokusebenza

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezinomthelela ekuvumelaneni kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ukubunjwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu, njengezinhlanganisela ze-silicon-carbon, zithuthukisa ukuzinza futhi zinciphise ukuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwe-Electrolyte: Ivolumu efanelekile ye-electrolyte iqinisekisa ukugeleza kwe-ion okufanayo, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza.
• Ukuphatha Okushisayo: Ukukhipha ukushisa okusebenzayo kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, okungafaka engozini ubuqotho bebhethri.

Ishadi elingezansi libonisa ukuthi ukumiswa kwebhethri okuhlukene kusebenza kanjani mayelana nokugcinwa komthamo kanye nomthamo ophelele (cinani) kuzo zonke izimo ezihlukene:

Kungani Ukungaguquguquki Kokusebenza Kubalulekile

Ukusebenza okungaguquguquki kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi anikwe amandla amabhethri angashajwa asebenza ngokwethembeka kuyo yonke impilo yawo. Isibonelo, izimoto zikagesi zidinga ukukhishwa kwamandla okuzinzile ukuze zigcine ibanga lokushayela, kuyilapho amadivaysi ezokwelapha ancike emandleni angaphazamiseki ukuze enze imisebenzi ebalulekile. Amabhethri anokuhambisana kabi angase alahlekelwe amandla ngokushesha, okuholela ekushintshweni njalo kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo.

Ithiphu:Abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangele amabhethri anamamethrikhi okugcina amandla afakazelwe kanye nesistimu yokulawula ukushisa okuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Ngokugxila ekusebenzeni ngokungaguquguquki, abakhiqizi bangaletha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje kuyilapho benciphisa imithelela yemvelo nezomnotho.

Abakhiqizi Abaphezulu Namandla Abo

Panasonic: Innovation kanye Nokwethenjelwa

I-Panasonic izimise njengengqalabutho embonini yebhethri elishajekayo ngokuqamba okusha okungapheli nokuzibophezela ekuthembekeni. Inkampani itshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze yakhe ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusezingeni eliphezulu obubhekelela izidingo zabathengi eziguqukayo. Amabhethri ayo e-lithium-ion, aziwa ngobuningi bawo amandla aphezulu kanye nemijikelezo yempilo ende, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinto zikagesi zabathengi.

• I-Panasonic'seneloop™amabhethri aphinde ashajwe agqama ngokuqina kwawo okukhethekile, anikela ngemijikelezo yokushajwa ephindwe kahlanu kunemikhiqizo eminingi eqhudelanayo.
• Abasebenzisi babika ngokungaguquki ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nezikhathi zokushajwa kabusha okusheshayo, okugcizelela isithunzi somkhiqizo sokwethembeka.
• Inkampani ibeka phambili ukuphepha ngokuhlanganisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuvikela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukusheshisa ukujikeleza, nokunye ukwehluleka okungaba khona. Ibhethri ngalinye lihlolwa kanzima ukuze lihlangabezane namazinga okuphepha aqinile, okuqinisekisa ukuqina ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima.

Ukugxila kwePanasonic ekuzinzeni kuthuthukisa futhi ukukhanga kwayo. Ngokugcina amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza ngempilo yebhethri eyandisiwe, inkampani ihambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo. Lezi zimfanelo zenza iPanasonic ibe yisinqumo esiphezulu kubathengi abafuna iamabhethri ashajwayo ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.

I-LG Chem: I-Advanced Technology

I-LG Chem izuze isikhundla sayo njengomholi emakethe yebhethri elishajekayo ngokuthuthuka okuthuthukile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugxila okuqinile ekusebenzeni kahle. Amabhethri ayo e-lithium-ion aziwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kwawo emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, lapho ukuqina kanye nokuthengeka kubalulekile.

• Umkhiqizo wenkampani we-RESU wokugcina amandla okuhlala uthole ukutuswa okusabalele ngekhwalithi yawo nokuqamba okusha.
• I-LG Chem ibambisene nabakhiqizi bezimoto abangu-16 kwabangu-29 emhlabeni jikelele, iqinisa ukubusa kwayo njengomphakeli omkhulu webhethri wezimoto emhlabeni.
• Amaphakethe ayo ebhethri le-lithium-ion angu-12V aletha amandla aphezulu namandla okushaja okusheshayo, okuwenza alungele izixazululo zokugcina amandla.

1. I-LG Chem isebenzisa izitshalo zokukhiqiza ezingama-40 kuwo wonke amazwekazi amathathu, iqinisekisa amandla okukhiqiza aqinile.
2. Inkampani iphethe izitifiketi zokuphepha eziningi, ezithuthukisa ukwethembeka kwayo kanye nokwethenjwa kwabathengi.
3. Amabhethri ayo ahlala ebonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, anezici ezifana nokushaja okusheshayo nokulethwa kwamandla okuthembekile.

Ngokuhlanganisa ubuhle bezobuchwepheshe nokuzibophezela kukhwalithi, i-LG Chem iyaqhubeka nokubeka amabhentshimakhi embonini yebhethri ephinde ishajwe.

I-Samsung SDI: Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokusebenza

AbakwaSamsung SDI benza kahle kakhulu ekuletheni amabhethri aphindekekayo asebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yayo iklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kumishini kagesi yabathengi kuya ezimotweni zikagesi.

• Amabhethri e-Samsung SDI ayaziqhayisa ngokuminyana kwamandla okumangazayo okungu-900 Wh/L, okwenza imiklamo ehlangene ngaphandle kokufaka amandla.
• Ngokuphila komjikelezo omude okudlula imijikelezo engu-1,000 kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-Coulomb okungu-99.8%, lawa mabhethri aqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Emakethe yezimoto zikagesi, amabhethri e-Samsung SDI anika amandla ibanga lokushayela elifika kumakhilomitha angu-800 ngeshaji eyodwa, abonisa ukugcinwa kwawo kwamandla okuphakeme.

Ukugxila kwenkampani ekusunguleni kudlulela ezinqubweni zayo zokukhiqiza, ezibeka phambili ukusimama nokusebenza kahle. Ngokuletha izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa neziguquguqukayo, i-Samsung SDI iqinise isithunzi sayo njengomholi emakethe yebhethri eshajwayo.

I-CATL: Ukusimama kanye Nokuqina

I-CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited) isivele njengomholi womhlaba wonke ekukhiqizeni ibhethri elishajekayo, eqhutshwa ukuzibophezela kwayo ekuzinzeni nasekulinganiseni. Inkampani iphishekela ngenkuthalo izixazululo ezintsha zokunciphisa umthelela wendawo ngenkathi ihlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.

• I-CATL izibekele imigomo eqinile yokufeza ukukhishwa kwe-net-zero ngonyaka wezi-2050. Ihlela ukufaka ugesi ezimotweni zabagibeli ngo-2030 kanye namaloli asindayo ngo-2035, ikhombisa ukuzinikela kwayo kwezokuthutha ezisimeme.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion kukhombisa ikhono le-CATL lokusungula izinto ezintsha. Lawa mabhethri anikezela ngamakhono wokushaja okusheshayo kanye nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, okuwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
• Ukwethulwa kwebhethri le-M3P kuphawula enye ingqopha-mlando. Leli bhethri lithuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla ngenkathi lehlisa izindleko uma liqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP).
• Ibhethri elijiyile le-CATL, eliziqhayisa ngokuminyana kwamandla okungu-500 Wh/kg, limiselwe ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ekupheleni kuka-2023. Le ntuthuko ibeka inkampani njengengqalabutho kubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusebenza kakhulu.

Ukugxila kwe-CATL ekulinganiseni kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yayo ingahlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni kusukela ezimotweni zikagesi kuya endaweni yokugcina amandla avuselelekayo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusimama nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, i-CATL iyaqhubeka nokubeka amabhentshimakhi ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yamabhethri angashajwa.

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I-EBL: Izinketho Zokushajwa Okunamandla Aphezulu

I-EBL igxile ekukhiqizeni amabhethri anamandla amakhulu aphinde ashajwe afanelana nezidingo zabathengi. Lo mkhiqizo waziwa ngokuthengeka kwawo kanye nokuguquguquka, okuwenza ube yisinqumo esidumile ezinhlelweni zansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla iveza umehluko phakathi kokusebenza okukhangisiwe kanye nokusebenza kwangempela.

Uhlobo Lwebhethri	Ikhono Elikhangisiwe	Ikhono Elikaliwe	Umehluko
EBL AA Amabhethri	2800mAh	2000-2500mAh	300-800mAh
EBL Dragon Amabhethri	2800mAh	2500mAh	300mAh
Unyaka we-Dragon AAA	1100mAh	950-960mAh	140-150mAh

Ngaphandle kwalo mehluko, amabhethri e-EBL ahlala eyinketho ethembekile kubathengi abafuna izixazululo ezibiza izindleko. Uchungechunge lwe-The Year of the Dragon lusebenza kahle kakhulu kunamaseli e-EBL avamile, anikeza ukugcinwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe. Amabhethri e-EBL AA ngokuvamile akala phakathi kuka-2000-2500mAh, kuyilapho amabhethri e-Dragon afinyelela cishe ku-2500mAh.

Ithiphu:Abathengi kufanele bacabangele amabhethri e-EBL uma befaka izicelo lapho ukukwazi ukuthengeka namandla amaphakathi kuyinto ehamba phambili. Nakuba amandla alinganisiwe angase asilele ezimangalweni ezikhangisiwe, amabhethri e-EBL asaletha ukusebenza okuthembekile ukuze asetshenziswe nsuku zonke.

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I-Tenergy Pro ne-XTAR: Izinketho Ezithembekile Futhi Ezingabizi

I-Tenergy Pro ne-XTAR zizenzele njengemikhiqizo ethembekile emakethe yamabhethri ashajwayo. Imikhiqizo yabo inikeza ibhalansi yokufinyeleleka nokwethembeka, okuyenza ilungele abathengi abaqaphela ibhajethi.

Amabhethri aphinde ashajwa amandla, njengemodeli engu-2600mAh AA, ahlinzeka ngokulondoloza izindleko okubalulekile ngemva kokushajwa kabusha okumbalwa. Abasebenzisi babuyisela utshalomali lwabo ngemva kwemijikelezo emithathu, ngokushajwa okwengeziwe okuletha ukonga okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuphumelela kwezindleko kwenza amabhethri e-Tenergy abe enye indlela esebenzayo kunezinketho ezijwayelekile ze-alkaline.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthembeka kugqamisa ukuqina kwamabhethri e-Tenergy. Ukuhlola kwe-Wirecutter kubonisa ukuthi amabhethri e-Tenergy angu-800mAh NiMH AA ahlala eseduze nomthamo wawo okhangiswayo ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja engama-50. Ucwaningo lwe-Trailcam Pro lwembula ukuthi amabhethri e-Tenergy Premium AA agcina u-86% womthamo wawo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, aqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki ezimeni eziyinselele.

Amabhethri e-XTAR nawo aletha imiphumela ethembekile. Yaziwa ngokwakha okuqinile nempilo yomjikelezo omude, imikhiqizo ye-XTAR ibhekelela abathengi abafuna amabhethri athengekayo athengekayo kodwa asebenza kakhulu.

Ngokuhlanganisa ukufinyeleleka nokwethembeka okuqinisekisiwe, i-Tenergy Pro ne-XTAR zinikeza izixazululo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kumishini yasendlini kuya kumishini yangaphandle.

Izinhlobo Zamabhethri Aphinde Ashajwe kanye Nezimo Ezingcono Zokusebenzisa

Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion: Amandla Aphezulu Aminyana kanye Nokuguquguquka

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion abusa imakethe yebhethri elishajekayo ngenxa yokuminyana kwamandla okukhethekile nokusebenza kahle. Lawa mabhethri agcina phakathi kuka-150-250 Wh/kg, ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kahle njenge-lithium polymer (130-200 Wh/kg) ne-lithium iron phosphate (90-120 Wh/kg). Ukuminyana kwazo okuphezulu kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga imiklamo ehlangene, njengama-smartphone, ama-laptops, nezimoto zikagesi.

• Ukusebenza kahle: Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion abonisa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okungama-90-95%, anciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
• Ukuqina: Zisekela impilo yomjikelezo owandisiwe, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa njalo ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu kwamandla.
• Isondlo: Ngokungafani nobuchwepheshe obudala, amabhethri e-lithium-ion adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, asusa isidingo sokukhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze avimbele umphumela wenkumbulo.

Lezi zimfanelo zenza amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenziseke ngezindlela eziningi kuzo zonke izimboni. Ku-electronics yabathengi, banika amandla imiklamo engasindi namandla ahlala isikhathi eside. Emkhakheni wezimoto, bahlinzeka ngebanga elinwetshiwe lokushayela namandla okushaja ngokushesha, ahlangabezana nezidingo zezimoto zikagesi.

Ithiphu: Abasebenzisi abafuna amabhethri athembekile, asebenza kakhulu kumadivayisi asetshenziswa njalo kufanele babeke phambili izinketho ze-lithium-ion.

Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride: Abiza Ngamandla Futhi Aqinile

Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) anikeza ibhalansi yokufinyeleleka nokuqina, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile yezinhlelo zokusebenza zasendlini nezimboni. Babekezelela imijikelezo yokukhishwa kwe-charge engu-300-800, igcina umthamo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi inikeza ukonga kwesikhathi eside.

• Izinzuzo Zezomnotho: Nakuba izindleko zawo zakuqala ziphakeme kunamaseli omile alahlwayo, amabhethri e-NiMH aba ngokonga ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa yokushajwa.
• Izindleko Zomjikelezo Wokuphila: Amabhethri esimanje e-NiMH anezindleko ze-lifecycle engu-$0.28/Wh, ephansi ngo-40% kunezinye izindlela ze-lithium-ion.
• Ukusimama: Imvelo yazo ekwazi ukushajwa kabusha inciphisa imfucuza, ihambisane nezinhloso zemvelo.

Amabhethri e-NiMH afaneleka kahle kumadivayisi adinga ukuphuma kwamandla amaphakathi, njengamakhamera, amathoyizi, nokukhanya okuphathekayo. Ukuqina kwazo futhi kuzenza zithembeke ezimeni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, okuhlanganisa imishini yezokwelapha nezinhlelo eziphuthumayo.

Qaphela: Abasebenzisi abafuna izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu ezinezidingo zamandla amaphakathi kufanele bacabangele amabhethri e-NiMH.

Amabhethri E-Lead-Acid: Izicelo Ezisindayo

Amabhethri e-lead-acid ahamba kahle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinzima ngenxa yokuqina kwawo kanye nekhono lokusingatha izimo zezinga eliphezulu lokushaja ngokwengxenye. Ucwaningo lugqamisa intuthuko ekwamukelweni kwenkokhelo kanye nempilo yomjikelezo ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo zekhabhoni namanethiwekhi e-nanofiber asebenzayo.

Isihloko Sokufunda	Okutholakele Okubalulekile
Umthelela Wezengezo Zekhabhoni Ekwamukelweni Kwezindleko	Ukwamukelwa kwenkokhiso okuthuthukisiwe kanye nempilo yomjikelezo ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sokukhokhiswa ingxenye.
I-Grafitized Carbon Nanofibers	Ukutholakala kwamandla athuthukisiwe nokubekezela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Izilinganiso Zokuphethwa Kwegesi Nokulahlekelwa Amanzi	Imininingwane ekusebenzeni kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba wangempela.

Lawa mabhethri ajwayele ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni yezimoto, yezimboni, kanye namandla avuselelekayo. Ukuthembeka kwabo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kubenza babaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni amandla imishini ebalulekile kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.

Isexwayiso: Amabhethri e-lead-acid alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina namandla aphakeme okukhipha amandla, njengamasistimu ekhophi yasenqolobaneni nemishini esindayo.

Amabhethri e-NiMH: Ahlala Isikhathi Eside Nokuzikhipha Kancane Kancane

Amabhethri e-Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) agqama ngenxa yekhono lawo lokugcina ishaji isikhathi eside. Amaseli e-NiMH esimanjemanje aphansi (LSD) akhiwe ukuze abhekane nenkinga evamile yokulahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri ahlala elungele ukusetshenziswa ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga zokugcina. Lesi sici sizenza zilungele amadivayisi adinga amandla athembekile ngaphandle kokushajwa kabusha, njengezilawuli kude, amathoshi, namakhibhodi angenantambo.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zamabhethri e-NiMH

• Ukuzikhipha Okuphansi: Amabhethri e-LSD NiMH agcina kufikela kokungu-85% kokushajwa kwawo ngemva konyaka owodwa wesitoreji, asebenza kahle kakhulu kunamamodeli amadala we-NiMH.
• Ukusebenza Okuhlala Isikhathi Eside: Lawa mabhethri abekezelela imijikelezo yokushaja engama-300 kuye kwangama-500, ehlinzeka ngokukhipha amandla okungaguquki kuyo yonke impilo yawo.
• I-Eco-Friendly Design: Amabhethri e-NiMH Aphinde ashajwe anciphisa imfucuza ngokushintsha amabhethri e-alkaline alahlwayo, aqondaniswe nemigomo yokusimama.

Ukushaja okukhohlisayo okuqhubekayo, nokho, kungasheshisa ukuwohloka kwamabhethri asekelwe ku-nickel. Abasebenzisi kufanele bagweme ukushiya amabhethri e-NiMH kumashaja isikhathi eside ukuze balondoloze ukuphila kwabo isikhathi eside. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Eneloop ne-Ladda ibonise ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, kanti amanye amamodeli abonisa ukuqina okungcono kunezinye.

Ithiphu: Ukuze ukhulise isikhathi sokuphila samabhethri e-NiMH, wasuse kumashaja uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele futhi uwagcine endaweni epholile, neyomile.

Izicelo kanye Nokuhlukahluka

Amabhethri e-NiMH ahamba phambili ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphuma kwamandla okumaphakathi nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. Amazinga azo aphansi okuzikhipha awenza afanelekele amadivayisi aphuthumayo, njengezitholi zentuthu namasistimu okukhanyisa ayisipele. Ukwengeza, ikhono labo lokuphatha amadivayisi akhipha amanzi amaningi, okuhlanganisa amakhamera edijithali nezilawuli zemidlalo, abonisa ukuhlukahluka kwawo.

Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqina nobuchwepheshe obuphansi bokuzikhipha, amabhethri e-NiMH anikeza isixazululo esinokwethenjelwa kubathengi abafuna izinketho ezihlala isikhathi eside ezingashajwa. Idizayini yabo eco-friendly kanye nokusebenza okungaguquki kubenza babe ukukhetha okubalulekile kukho kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza zansuku zonke nezikhethekile.

Ukucatshangelwa kwabathengi

Ukufanisa Uhlobo Lwebhethri Kudivayisi

Ukukhetha ilungeloibhethri elishajekayo ledivayisiiqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside. Uhlobo lwebhethri ngalunye lunikeza izici ezihlukile ezifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, isibonelo, alungele amadivayisi anamandla amakhulu njengama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, nezimoto zikagesi ngenxa yokuminyana kwazo okuphakeme nokusebenza kahle kwazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), asebenza kahle kumadivayisi asendlini njengamakhamera namathoyizi, anikeza ukuqina namandla amaphakathi.

Amadivayisi anezidingo zamandla aphezulu, njengamathuluzi ezokwelapha noma amathuluzi emboni, azuza kumabhethri aneasidi yomthofu, aziwa ngokuqina nokuthembeka kwawo. Kumadivayisi adonsa amanzi kancane njengezilawuli kude noma amathoshi, amabhethri e-NiMH anamazinga aphansi okuzikhiphela wona ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okungaguquguquki phakathi nezikhathi ezinwetshiwe. Ukufanisa uhlobo lwebhethri nocingo akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa njalo, konga kokubili isikhathi nemali.

Ithiphu: Njalo hlola izincomo zomkhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana phakathi kwebhethri nocingo.

Isabelomali kanye Nezindleko

Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko kudlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni amabhethri angashajwa. Nakuba izindleko zakuqala zingase zibonakale ziphakeme kunezinye ezilahlwayo, amabhethri angashajwa anikeza ukonga kwesikhathi eside okukhulu. Isibonelo, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion enezindleko zokuqala zama-$50 ingashajwa kabusha izikhathi ezifika ku-1,000, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko ngokusetshenziswa ngakunye.

Uhlobo Lwezindleko	Imininingwane
Izindleko Zokuqala	Amamojula ebhethri, iziguquli, izilawuli zokushaja, ukufakwa, izimvume.
Ukonga Isikhathi Eside	Ukwehliswa kwezikweletu zikagesi, kugwenywe izindleko zokunqamuka, imali engase ibe khona.
Izindleko Zomjikelezo Wokuphila	Isondlo, izindleko zokushintsha, iziqinisekiso, nokwesekwa.
Isibonelo sokubala	Izindleko zokuqala: $ 50,000; Ukonga ngonyaka: $5,000; Isikhathi sokukhokha: iminyaka eyi-10.

Abathengi kufanele futhi bacabangele izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokunakekela kanye nokushintshanisa. Amabhethri anesikhathi eside sokuphila kanye neziqinisekiso ngokuvamile anikeza inani elingcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amanani ancintisanayo emakethe aphinde azuzise abathengi, njengoba abakhiqizi besungula izinto ezintsha ukuze balethe izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu.

Umthelela Wezemvelo Nokusimama

Amabhethri aphinde ashajwe anegalelo ekusimameni ngokunciphisa ukumosha nokugcina izinsiza. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, isibonelo, anomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezilahlwayo. Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila (LCA) kuhlola imiphumela yawo ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, ubuthi bomuntu, nokuncipha kwezinsiza, kusiza abathengi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Isigaba Somthelela	I-ASSB-LSB	I-LIB-NMC811	I-ASSB-NMC811
Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu	Phansi	Phezulu	Phezulu
Ubuthi Bomuntu	Phansi	Phansi	Phansi
Ukuqedwa Kwemithombo Yamaminerali	Phansi	Phansi	Phansi
Ukwakheka kwe-Photochemical Oxidant	Phansi	Phansi	Phansi

Ukwengeza, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, njengamabhethri e-sodium-ion ne-aluminium-ion, ithuthukisa ukusimama ngokusebenzisa izinto eziningi kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. Ngokukhetha izinketho ezivumelana ne-eco-friendly, abathengi banganciphisa indawo yabo yemvelo kuyilapho bejabulela izixazululo zamandla ezinokwethenjelwa.

Qaphela: Ukulahlwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukulimala kwemvelo futhi kubuyiselwe izinto ezibalulekile.

Isithunzi somkhiqizo kanye newaranti

Isithunzi somkhiqizo sidlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yebhethri eshajwa kabusha. Abathengi bavame ukuhlobanisa amabhrendi asungulwe kahle nokuthembeka, ukusebenza, nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Abakhiqizi abanedumela eliqinile bahlala beletha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana noma edlula izindinganiso zomkhakha. Ukuzinikela kwabo kwikhwalithi kukhuthaza ukwethembana nokwethembeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi.

Ukufakwa kwewaranti kuqinisa futhi ukwethembeka komkhiqizo. Iwaranti ebanzi ibonisa ukuzethemba komkhiqizi ukuqina nokusebenza kwamabhethri akhe. Ubude besikhathi eside bewaranti bubonisa ukuzibophezela ekuphileni isikhathi eside komkhiqizo, kuyilapho isevisi yamakhasimende esabelayo iqinisekisa inqubo yezimangalo engenazihibe. Lezi zici zifaka isandla emuzweni omuhle womthengi futhi zinciphisa ubungozi obuhambisana nokuthenga amabhethri aphinde ashajwe.

Izici Ezibalulekile Zesithunzi Somkhiqizo Newaranti

Isici Esibalulekile	Incazelo
Umjikelezo wokuphila	Amabhethri kufanele abekezelele imijikelezo eminingi yokushajwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu ekusebenzeni.
Izici zokuphepha	Bheka amabhethri anezivikelo zokushajwa ngokweqile, ukushisa ngokweqile, nama-short-circuits.
Ukubekezela Kwezinga Lokushisa	Amabhethri kufanele asebenze ngempumelelo ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa.
Fast Ukushaja Amakhono	Khetha amabhethri angashaja ngokushesha ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokuphumula.
Isikhathi Sewaranti	Iwaranti ende ibonisa ukuzethemba komkhiqizi ekuphileni isikhathi eside komkhiqizo.
Ukuhlanganisa Okuphelele	Amawaranti kufanele ahlanganise uhlu lwezinkinga, kusukela kokushiyeka kuya ekuhlulekeni kokusebenza.
Ukulula Kwezicelo	Inqubo yesicelo sewaranti kufanele iqonde futhi isebenziseke kalula.
Insizakalo yekhasimende	Iziqinisekiso ezinhle zisekelwa ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende okusabelayo.

Imikhiqizo efana ne-Panasonic ne-LG Chem ayisibonelo sokubaluleka kwesithunzi newaranti. Izinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile zePanasonic ziqinisekisa ukwethembeka, kuyilapho ubudlelwano be-LG Chem nabakhi bezimoto abahamba phambili bugqamisa ukubusa kwemboni yayo. Zombili izinkampani zinikeza iziqinisekiso ezimboza amaphutha nezinkinga zokusebenza, ezinikeza ukuthula kwengqondo kubathengi.

Ithiphu: Abathengi kufanele babeke phambili amabhrendi anedumela elifakazelwe kanye neziqinisekiso ezinikeza ukusabalala okuphelele. Lezi zici zivikela ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi ziqinisekise ukwaneliseka kwesikhathi eside.

Ngokukhetha abakhiqizi abahloniphekile abaneziqinisekiso eziqinile, abathengi bangajabulela ukusebenza okuthembekile nokunciphisa izindleko zokunakekela. Le ndlela inciphisa ubungozi futhi ithuthukise inani eliphelele lamabhethri aphinde ashajwe.

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Imboni yebhethri elishajekayo iyachuma ezenzweni ezintsha, ngabakhiqizi abahamba phambili ababeka amabhentshimakhi okusebenza, ukuphepha, nokusimama. Izinkampani ezifana nePanasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, kanye ne-EBL zibonise ubuchwepheshe bazo ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile nemikhiqizo ethembekile. Isibonelo, i-Panasonic ihamba phambili ngokuqina, kuyilapho i-CATL igxile ekuzinzeni nasekulinganiseni. Lawa mandla aqinise izikhundla zabo njengabaholi bemakethe.

Abadlali Ababalulekile	Ukwabelana Kwemakethe	Intuthuko Yakamuva
I-Panasonic	25%	Ukwethulwa komkhiqizo omusha ku-Q1 2023
I-LG Chem	20%	Ukutholwa kweNkampani X
I-Samsung SDI	15%	Ukunwetshwa ezimakethe zaseYurophu

Ukuqonda izinhlobo zebhethri nemibandela yekhwalithi kubalulekile ekukhetheni ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yamabhethri angashajwa. Izinto ezifana nokuminyana kwamandla, ubude bempilo, nezici zokuphepha ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Abathengi kufanele bahlole izidingo zabo ezithile, ezifana nokuhambisana kwedivayisi nomthelela wemvelo, ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Ngokucabangela lezi zici, abathengi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nezidingo zabo futhi babambe iqhaza ekusaseni elisimeme.

FAQ

Iluphi uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwebhethri elishajekayo lamadivayisi ansuku zonke?

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion alungele amadivayisi ansuku zonke njengama-smartphone namakhompyutha aphathekayo ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu nempilo ende. Ezintweni zasendlini njengezilawuli kude noma amathoshi, amabhethri e-NiMH anamazinga aphansi okuzikhipha ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

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Ngingayinweba kanjani impilo yamabhethri ami aphinde ashajwe?

Gcina amabhethri endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi ugweme ukuwabeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Khipha amabhethri kumashaja uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele ukuze uvimbele ukushajwa ngokweqile. Landela imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi ukuze uyisebenzise futhi uyinakekele kahle ukuze ukhulise isikhathi sabo sempilo.

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Ingabe amabhethri aphinde ashajwa ahambisana nemvelo?

Amabhethri aphinde ashajwa anciphisa imfucuza ngokushintsha izinketho ezilahlwayo, azenze zibe nobungane kakhulu nemvelo. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion ne-NiMH anemithelela ephansi yemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye. Ukugaywa kabusha ngendlela efanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile ziyatholwa, kuphinde kunciphise indawo yazo yemvelo.

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Ngilikhetha kanjani ibhethri elikwazi ukushajwa kabusha ledivayisi yami?

Qondanisa uhlobo lwebhethri nezimfuneko zamandla zedivayisi yakho. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahambisana namadivayisi anamandla amakhulu, kuyilapho amabhethri e-NiMH esebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla amaphakathi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola izincomo zomkhiqizi ngokuhambisana ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.

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Yiziphi izici zokuphepha okufanele ngizibheke kumabhethri angashajwa?

Bheka amabhethri anezivikelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokumelene nokushajwa ngokweqile, ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye ne-short-circuiting. Izitifiketi ezifana ne-IEC 62133 zibonisa ukuhambisana namazinga okuphepha emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.