Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi ngebhethri le-alkaline, ukumaka i-CE kuyisitifiketi esibaluleke kakhulu e-EU. E-US, ngigxila ekuhambisaneni nemithethonqubo kahulumeni evela ku-CPSC kanye ne-DOT. Lokhu kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba imakethe yase-US yodwa ihlela ukufinyelela ama-USD ayizigidigidi ezingu-4.49 ngo-2032, okugcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulu kwalezi zindinganiso.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Amabhethri e-alkalinebadinga imithetho ehlukene e-EU nase-US I-EU isebenzisa umthetho owodwa oyinhloko obizwa ngokuthi ukumakwa kwe-CE. I-US inemithetho eminingi evela emaqenjini ahlukene.
• Ukulandela le mithetho kusiza ukugcina abantu bephephile. Kuvikela nemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri awanawo amakhemikhali amabi futhi alahlwa ngendlela efanele.
• Ukuhlangabezana nale mithetho kusiza izinkampani ukuthi zithengise amabhethri azo. Kuphinde kwakha ukwethembana namakhasimende. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi inkampani iyakukhathalela ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi.

Izitifiketi Ezidingekayo Zamabhethri E-Alkaline e-European Union (EU)

Ukumaka kwe-CE: Ukuqinisekisa Ukuhambisana Kwamabhethri E-Alkaline

NgiyaqondaUkumaka kwe-CEkuyisidingo esibalulekile sokufaka imikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa namabhethri e-alkaline, emakethe ye-European Union. Lolu phawu lubonisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo nomthetho we-EU wezempilo, ukuphepha, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Akulona uphawu lwekhwalithi, kodwa kunalokho kuyisimemezelo somkhiqizi sokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke iziqondiso nemithethonqubo ye-EU esebenzayo.

Uma ngicabanga ngezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezithile kanye nemiyalelo yokumaka i-CE yezinkomba zamabhethri e-alkaline, ngithola ukuthi ikhomba imibhalo eminingana ebalulekile:

• Isiqondiso Sebhethri
• Isiqondiso se-RoHS
• prEN IEC 60086-1: Amabhethri ayinhloko – Ingxenye 1: Okuvamile
• prEN IEC 60086-2-1: Amabhethri ayinhloko - Ingxenye 2-1: Imininingwane ebonakalayo nekagesi yamabhethri ane-electrolyte yamanzi

Ngiyazi ukuthi ukungalandeli izimfuneko zokumaka i-CE kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ngokusho kwe-Athikili 20(5) yoMthethonqubo we-EU 2023/1542 wamaBhetri namaBhetri Angcolile: “Amazwe Angamalungu azokwakhela phezu kwezindlela ezikhona zokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kohlelo olulawula ukumakwa kwe-CE futhi azothatha isinyathelo esifanele uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwalolo mamaki.”

Ezimweni lapho umkhiqizo, ongaphansi kwegunya lokumaka i-CE, utholakala ungenalo uphawu noma uluthwala ngokungemthetho, uhulumeni ofanele wezwe eliyilungu unamandla okuqalisa izinyathelo zomthetho. Lezi zenzo zingase zihlanganise ukuhoxiswa kwemakethe kanye nokubekwa kwezijeziso. Ukuzibophezela kusezandleni zabakhiqizi, abangenisi, kanye/noma abameleli abagunyaziwe ezimweni zokumaka i-CE okungekho emthethweni noma ukungalandeli izindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe ze-EU.

Ukungalandeli izidingo zokumaka i-CE kumabhethri e-EU kungaholela ku:

• Ukuthathwa nokubhujiswa kwemikhiqizo yiziphathimandla zentela.
• Ukuphucwa kwemali engenayo.
• Ukumiswa ngokushesha kokufakwa ohlwini okuthintekile kwabathengisi be-Amazon.

Isiqondiso Sebhethri le-EU: Izidingo Ezithile Zamabhethri E-Alkaline

Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi i-EU Battery Directive idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amabhethri emakethe yaseYurophu. Lo myalelo uhlose ukunciphisa umthelela omubi wamabhethri emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu. Ubeka izidingo ezithile zokuklama, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokulahlwa kwamabhethri, okuhlanganisa namabhethri e-alkaline.

Imithethonqubo emisha yaseYurophu, eqala ukusebenza ngoMeyi 2021, iyalela izidingo ezithile zamabhethri e-alkaline. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umkhawulo wokuqukethwe kwe-mercury ongaphansi kuka-0.002% ngesisindo (okungcono ukuthi ungabi ne-mercury) kanye nokufakwa kwamalebula omthamo. Lawa malebula kumele abonise umthamo wamandla ngamahora e-watt osayizi be-AA, AAA, C, kanye no-D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-alkaline kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokusebenza kahle kwemvelo ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo kuyo yonke impilo yawo. Isiqondiso sidinga futhi ukuthi wonke amabhethri abe nophawu noma uphawu olubonisa umthamo wawo. Ngenkathi isiqondiso singachazi indinganiso ye-metric, umthamo ungaboniswa kusetshenziswa amayunithi anjenge-V, mAh, noma i-Ah. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiliphi ibhethri eliqukethe i-lead engaphezu kuka-0.004% kumele libonise uphawu 'Pb' ekulebheni kwalo, noma ngabe okuqukethwe kwe-lead ngokwako kungavinjelwe.

Isiqondiso se-WEEE: Ukuphathwa Kokuphela Kwempilo Kwamabhethri E-Alkaline

Ngiyaqonda ukuthi i-Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive ikhuluma kakhulu ngokuphathwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi ekupheleni kokuphila. Nakuba i-WEEE Directive ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ze-elekthronikhi, i-EU inesiqondiso esithile samabhethri nama-accumulators, ahlukile ku-WEEE Directive. Lesi siqondiso esizinikele sihlose ukunciphisa izinto eziyingozi nokusungula ukwelashwa okungenangozi emvelweni kwamabhethri emfucuza.

Abakhiqizi bamabhethri nama-accumulator kudingeka babhalise ezweni ngalinye lapho bethengisa khona, babike inani, futhi baxhase ukuphathwa okuhambisanayo kwamabhethri okuphela kokuphila. Uhlaka lwe-National Battery Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) lubheka wonke ama-chemistries ebhethri, kufaka phakathi i-alkaline, kanye namabhethri amancane (asetshenziswa kanye futhi angashajwa kabusha) kanye namabhethri aphakathi nendawo. Izibopho ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sebhethri zifana nalezo ezingaphansi kwe-WEEE Directive ngokwezidingo zokuphatha nezezimali, kodwa zihlukile.

Imisebenzi yomkhiqizi yokuphathwa kwamabhethri ekupheleni kokuphila ihlanganisa:

• Thola inombolo yokubhalisa (inombolo yokuhlonza ehlukile i-UIN).
• Inkontileka nenhlangano ephethe umthwalo wemfanelo womkhiqizi.
• Bika inani kanye nesisindo samabhethri abekwe emakethe.

Umthethonqubo we-REACH: Ukuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Kwamabhethri E-Alkaline

Ngiyazi ukuthi uMthethonqubo we-REACH (Ukubhaliswa, Ukuhlolwa, Ukugunyazwa, kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kwamakhemikhali) ungomunye umthetho obalulekile we-EU. Uhlose ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa kwempilo yabantu kanye nemvelo ezingozini ezingabangelwa amakhemikhali. I-REACH isebenza ezintweni ezikhiqizwe noma ezingeniswe e-EU, kufaka phakathi lezo ezitholakala kumabhethri e-alkaline. Idinga izinkampani ukuthi zithole futhi ziphathe izingozi ezihlobene nezinto ezizikhiqizayo futhi zizithengise e-EU.

Isiqondiso se-RoHS: Ukukhawulela Izinto Eziyingozi Kumabhethri E-Alkaline

Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi i-RoHS Directive (Ukunciphisa Izinto Eziyingozi) ithinta ngqo ukwakheka kwamabhethri e-alkaline. Lo myalelo uvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi ezitholakala emikhiqizweni kagesi neye-elekthronikhi. Umgomo wawo ukuvimbela lezi zinto ukuthi zingalimazi impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo.

I-RoHS Directive ibeka amazinga aphezulu avumelekile ezintweni ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi. Ngichaze le mikhawulo kuthebula elingezansi:

Ngithola futhi leli shadi liwusizo ekuboniseni le mikhawulo:

Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa namabhethri e-alkaline, athengiswa e-EU ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezemvelo.

Imithethonqubo Ebalulekile kanye Nezindinganiso Zamabhethri E-Alkaline e-United States (e-US)

Imithethonqubo ye-CPSC: Ukuphepha Kwabathengi Kwamabhethri E-Alkaline

E-United States, ngibheke iKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi (i-CPSC) ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabathengi. I-CPSC ivikela umphakathi ezingozini ezingafanele zokulimala noma ukufa ezihambisana nemikhiqizo yabathengi. Ngenkathi i-CPSC ingenayo imithetho ethile yamabhethri e-alkaline kuphela, lawa mabhethri awela ngaphansi kwegunya lawo elijwayelekile lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi abakhiqizi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo yamabhethri e-alkaline ayivezi ingozi enkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokuvuza, ukushisa ngokweqile, noma ukuqhuma okungalimaza abathengi. I-CPSC ingakhipha ukubuyiswa noma idinga izinyathelo zokulungisa uma umkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa nebhethri le-alkaline, kutholakala ukuthi awuphephile. Ngihlala ngibeka phambili ukuklama imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nalezi zidingo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo.

Imithethonqubo ye-DOT: Ukuthuthwa Okuphephile Kwamabhethri E-Alkaline

Ngiphinde ngicabangele imithethonqubo yoMnyango Wezokuthutha (i-DOT) yokuthuthwa okuphephile kwamabhethri e-alkaline. I-DOT ibeka imithetho yokupakisha, ukulebula, kanye nokuphatha izinto eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa ngomoya, olwandle, noma emhlabathini. Kumabhethri e-alkaline, ngithola ukuthi ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa njengangenabungozi ekuthuthweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile awadingi imithethonqubo eqinile esetshenziswa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, isibonelo. Kodwa-ke, ngisaqinisekisa ukupakishwa okufanele ukuvimbela amasekethe amafushane noma umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Inkampani yami ilandela izigaba ezifanele ze-49 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 173, echaza izidingo ezijwayelekile zokuthunyelwa kanye nokupakisha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yethu ifika lapho iya khona ngokuphephile nangokuhambisana nemithetho.

Imithethonqubo Eqondene Nesifundazwe: I-California Proposition 65 kanye namabhethri e-Alkaline

Uma ngicabanga ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo kulo lonke elase-US, nginaka kakhulu imithethonqubo ethile yesifundazwe, ikakhulukazi i-California Proposition 65 (Prop 65). Lo mthetho udinga amabhizinisi ukuthi anikeze izixwayiso kubantu baseCalifornia mayelana nokuchayeka okukhulu kumakhemikhali abangela umdlavuza, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, noma okunye ukulimala kokuzala. Uma ibhethri le-alkaline liqukethe noma yimaphi amakhemikhali ohlwini lwe-Prop 65, ngisho noma kungamanani amancane, kumele nginikeze ilebula lesixwayiso elicacile nelinengqondo. Lo mthetho uthinta indlela engifaka ngayo ilebula kumikhiqizo yemakethe yaseCalifornia, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bathola ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali okungenzeka.

Izindinganiso Zemboni Yokuzithandela: I-UL ne-ANSI Yamabhethri E-Alkaline

Ngale kwemithethonqubo ephoqelekile, ngiyaqaphela ukubaluleka kwezindinganiso zokuzithandela embonini e-US. Lezi zindinganiso zivame ukuchaza imikhuba emihle kakhulu futhi zithuthukise ukuzethemba kwabathengi. I-Underwriters Laboratories (UL) kanye ne-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ziyizinhlangano ezimbili ezibalulekile. I-UL ithuthukisa amazinga okuphepha futhi yenza ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo kanye nesitifiketi. Ukufakwa ohlwini kwe-UL kumkhiqizo, ngenkathi kuzithandela kwamabhethri e-alkaline, kusho ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile. I-ANSI iqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso zokuvumelana ngokuzithandela. Kumabhethri aphathekayo, ngivame ukubhekisela ochungechungeni lwezindinganiso ze-ANSI C18. Lezi zindinganiso zihlanganisa ubukhulu, ukusebenza, kanye nezici zokuphepha zamabhethri. Ukunamathela kulezi zindinganiso zokuzithandela kubonisa ukuzibophezela kwami ​​​​ekhwalithini nasekuphepheni.

Ilebula le-FCC: Ukufaneleka Kwemikhiqizo Ethile Yebhethri Le-Alkaline

Ngiyaqonda ukuthi i-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ilawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwezifundazwe kanye namazwe ngamazwe ngomsakazo, ithelevishini, ucingo, isathelayithi, kanye nekhebula. Ilebula le-FCC livame ukudingeka kumadivayisi kagesi akhipha amandla e-radio frequency (RF). Ibhethri le-alkaline elizimele alikhiphi amandla e-RF, ngakho alidingi ilebula le-FCC. Kodwa-ke, uma ibhethri le-alkaline liyingxenye ebalulekile yedivayisi enkulu kagesi lokhoingabeuma ikhipha amandla e-RF—njengesilawuli kude esingenantambo noma idivayisi yasekhaya ehlakaniphile—bese kubaidivayisi ngokwayokumele athole isitifiketi se-FCC. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ibhethri liyingxenye yomkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe, kodwa ilebula le-FCC lisebenza kudivayisi yokugcina, hhayi ibhethri lodwa.

Kungani Lezi Zitifiketi Zibalulekile Kumabhethri E-Alkaline

Ukuqinisekisa Ukufinyeleleka Kwemakethe Nokuthobela Imithetho

Ngiyaqonda ukuthi izitifiketi akuzona nje izithiyo zikahulumeni; ziyizindlela ezibalulekile zokufinyelela emakethe. Kimi, ukuqinisekisaukuthobela umthethokusho ukuthi imikhiqizo yami ingathengiswa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ezimakethe ezibalulekile njenge-EU ne-US. Umthetho Webhethri we-EU, isibonelo, usebenza kubo bonke abakhiqizi, abakhiqizi, abangenisi, kanye nabasabalalisi balo lonke uhlobo lwebhethri olubekwe emakethe ye-EU. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinkampani zase-US ezikhiqiza amabhethri noma ama-elekthronikhi aqukethe amabhethri uma ethumela kwamanye amazwe e-EU. Ukungalandeli imithetho kuthwala izingozi ezinkulu zezimali. Ngiyazi ukuthi izinhlawulo eziphezulu zokuphatha e-EU zingafinyelela ku-€10 million, noma kufike ku-2% wemali engenayo yonyaka emhlabeni wonke kusukela onyakeni wezimali odlule, noma yiliphi inani eliphakeme. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo esibalulekile sokunamathela kule mithetho.

Ukuvikela Abathengi kanye Nemvelo

Ngikholwa ukuthi lezi zitifiketi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni abathengi kanye nemvelo. Ngokulandela izindinganiso ezifana ne-RoHS kanye ne-EU Battery Directive, ngiyaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yami ayinazo izinto eziyingozi futhi yenzelwe ukuphathwa kahle kokuphela kokuphila. Lokhu kuzibophezela kuvikela impilo yabathengi ngokuvimbela ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ayingozi futhi kunciphisa umthelela emvelweni ngokusebenzisa imikhuba efanele yokulahla nokuvuselela kabusha. Kubonisa ukuzinikela kwami ​​ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo okusimeme nokuphephile.

Ukwakha Ukwethenjwa kanye Nodumo Lomkhiqizo

Kimi, ukufeza lezi zitifiketi kumayelanaukwakha ukwethembanakanye nokuthuthukisa idumela lomkhiqizo wami. Uma imikhiqizo yami ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke eziqinile, lokhu kubonisa ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kubathengi kanye nabalingani bebhizinisi ngokufanayo. Lokhu kuzibophezela ekuthobeleni imithetho kukhombisa ubuqotho kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wenkampani yami. Kukhuthaza ukuzethemba emikhiqizweni yami, okubaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yesikhathi eside kanye nobuholi bemakethe.

Ukuqhathanisa Izindlela Zokuqinisekisa ze-EU ne-US Zamabhethri E-Alkaline

Ukumaka kwe-CE okuphoqelekile vs. Indawo yase-US Ehlukanisiwe

Ngibona umehluko ocacile ezindleleni zokuqinisekisa phakathi kwe-EU ne-US. I-EU isebenzisa uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe olune-CE marking. Lolu phawu olulodwa lubonisa ukuhambisana kwebhethri le-alkaline nazo zonke iziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele. Lusebenza njengepasipoti ephelele yokungena emakethe kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu. Le nqubo elula yenza kube lula ukuthobela imithetho kubakhiqizi abanjengami. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isimo sase-US sihlukene kakhulu. Ngihamba ngezigaba eziningi zezikhungo zikahulumeni ezifana ne-CPSC ne-DOT, ngayinye inemithethonqubo ethile elawula izici ezahlukene zokuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho ethile yesifundazwe, njenge-California Proposition 65, yethula izidingo ezengeziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngibhekana nezinhlangano eziningi ezilawulayo kanye nezindinganiso ezahlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho ngokugcwele kwemikhiqizo yami emakethe yase-US. Le ndlela enezici eziningi idinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela emininingwaneni yendawo ngayinye.

Imigomo Ehlanganyelwe Yokuphepha Nokuvikelwa Kwemvelo

Naphezu kwezakhiwo zabo zomthetho ezihlukene, ngithola ukuthi i-EU ne-US zinemigomo eyisisekelo. Zombili zibeka phambili ukuphepha kwabathengi ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Zihlose ukuvikela abasebenzisi ezingozini zomkhiqizo ezingaba khona, ziqinisekise ukuthi izinto ziphephile ekusetshenzisweni kwazo okuhlosiwe. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nakho kuyinhloso efanayo ebalulekile. Imithetho kuzo zombili izifunda ifuna ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wemikhiqizo kuyo yonke impilo yazo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhawulo eqinile ezintweni eziyingozi, njengoba kubonakala ku-RoHS Directive ye-EU kanye nokukhathazeka okufanayo e-US Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili izifunda zikhuthaza ukuphathwa kokuphela kokuphila okunesibopho, zikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kabusha kanye nokulahlwa okufanele. Ngiyaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yami iyahlangabezana nalezi zinhloso ezihlanganyelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela ethile yokuqinisekisa. Ukuzibophezela kwami ​​ekuphepheni nasekuzinzeni kuhlala kufana kuzo zonke izimakethe engizisebenzelayo.

Ngiyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukumakwa kwe-CE kubaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni emakethe ye-EU, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zezempilo nokuphepha. E-US, ngisebenzisa izindinganiso ze-CPSC, DOT, kanye nezimboni zokuzithandela. Lokhu kuhambisana okuphelele kubalulekile. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yami ifinyelela kubathengi ngokuphephile nangokomthetho, kuvikela kokubili abantu kanye nedumela lomkhiqizo wami kulezi zimakethe ezibalulekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezitifiketi zebhethri ze-EU neze-US?

Ngithola ukuthi i-EU isebenzisa uphawu lwe-CE oluhlanganisiwe. I-US ithembele ekuhlanganisweni kwemithethonqubo ye-ejensi kahulumeni kanye nemithetho ethile yesifundazwe.

Kwenzekani uma amabhethri ami e-alkaline engahlangabezani nalezi zitifiketi?

Ngiyazi ukuthi ukungalandeli imithetho kungaholela ekwenqatshweni kokufinyelela emakethe, ekubanjweni kwemikhiqizo, kanye nezijeziso ezinkulu zezimali. Kuphinde konakalisa idumela lomkhiqizo wami.

Kungani lezi zitifiketi zibalulekile kumabhethri e-alkaline?

Ngikholwa ukuthi lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabathengi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ziqinisekisa futhi ukufinyelela okusemthethweni emakethe kwemikhiqizo yami.