Ngokusho kwedatha, ibhethri elinenkinobho eyodwa lingangcolisa amalitha amanzi angu-600000, angasetshenziswa ngumuntu impilo yakhe yonke. Uma ingxenye yebhethri enguNombolo 1 iphonswa ensimini lapho kutshalwa khona izitshalo, imitha yesikwele engu-1 yomhlaba ozungeze leli bhethri eliyimfucuza lizoba yinyumba. Kungani kwaba kanje? Ngoba la mabhethri angcolile aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinsimbi ezisindayo. Isibonelo: i-zinc, i-lead, i-cadmium, i-mercury, njll. Lezi zinsimbi ezisindayo zingena emanzini futhi zimuncwa yizinhlanzi nezitshalo. Uma abantu bedla lezi zinhlanzi ezingcolisiwe, ama-shrimp nezitshalo, bazohlushwa ubuthi beMercury kanye nezifo zesimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi, ngesilinganiso sokufa esifinyelela ku-40%. I-Cadmium ibizwa ngokuthi i-Class 1A Carcinogen.

Amabhethri emfucuza aqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-mercury, i-cadmium, i-manganese, kanye ne-lead. Uma ubuso bamabhethri bugugile ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga nemvula, izingxenye zensimbi ezisindayo ngaphakathi zizongena enhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Uma abantu bedla izitshalo ezikhiqizwe ezweni elingcolile noma bephuza amanzi angcolile, lezi zinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuthi zizongena emzimbeni womuntu bese zichitheka kancane kancane, zibe usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu.

Ngemva kokuba i-mercury emabhathini okungcola igcwele, uma ingena emangqamuzaneni obuchopho bomuntu, uhlelo lwezinzwa luzolimala kakhulu. I-Cadmium ingabangela umonakalo esibindini nasezinso, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuguquka kwamathambo. Amanye amabhethri okungcola aqukethe ne-asidi kanye ne-heavy metal lead, engabangela ukungcola komhlabathi namanzi uma ivuza emvelweni, ekugcineni ibe yingozi kubantu.
Indlela yokwelapha ibhethri

1. Ukuhlukaniswa
Shaya ibhethri elisetshenzisiwe, susa igobolondo le-zinc kanye nensimbi engezansi yebhethri, khipha isivalo sethusi kanye nenduku ye-graphite, bese kuthi okusele okumnyama kube yingxube ye-Manganese dioxide kanye ne-ammonium chloride esetshenziswa njengengqikithi yebhethri. Qoqa izinto ezingenhla ngokwehlukana bese uzicubungula ukuze uthole izinto eziwusizo. Induku ye-graphite iyagezwa, yomiswe, bese isetshenziswa njenge-electrode.

2. I-Zinc granulation
Geza igobolondo le-zinc elihlutshiwe bese ulifaka ebhodweni lensimbi elibunjiwe. Lishise ukuze lincibilike bese uligcina lifudumele amahora ama-2. Susa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-scum, uluthulule ukuze luphole, bese uluphonsa epuletini lensimbi. Ngemva kokuqina, kutholakala izinhlayiya ze-zinc.

3. Ukuvuselela amashidi ethusi
Ngemva kokusika isivalo sethusi, sigeze ngamanzi ashisayo, bese ufaka inani elithile le-10% sulfuric acid ukuze ubilise imizuzu engama-30 ukuze ususe ungqimba lwe-oxide engaphezulu. Susa, ugeze, bese womisa ukuze uthole umugqa wethusi.

4. Ukubuyiswa kwe-ammonium chloride
Faka into emnyama esilinda, engeza amanzi afudumele angu-60oC bese uvuselela ihora eli-1 ukuze uncibilikise yonke i-ammonium chloride emanzini. Yiyeke ime, uhlunge, bese ugeza izinsalela zesihlungi kabili, bese uqoqa utshwala obungumama; Ngemva kokuba utshwala obungumama sebuhlanjululwe nge-Vacuum kuze kube yilapho kuvela ifilimu emhlophe yekristalu ebusweni, iyapholiswa bese ihlungwa ukuze kutholakale amakristalu e-ammonium chloride, bese utshwala obungumama buphinde busetshenziswe.

5. Ukubuyiswa kwe-Manganese dioxide
Geza insalela yesihlungi esihlungiwe ngamanzi kathathu, uyihlunge, ufake ikhekhe lesihlungi ebhodweni bese ulipheka ngomusi ukuze ususe ikhabhoni encane nezinye izinto eziphilayo, bese ulifaka emanzini bese ulixuba ngokuphelele imizuzu engama-30, ulihlunge, womise ikhekhe lesihlungi ku-100-110oC ukuze uthole i-Manganese dioxide emnyama.

6. Ukuqina, ukungcwaba okujulile, kanye nokugcinwa ezimayini ezilahliwe
Isibonelo, ifektri eFrance ikhipha i-nickel ne-cadmium kuyo, bese isetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi, kuyilapho i-cadmium isetshenziswa kabusha ekukhiqizeni amabhethri. Amanye amabhethri emfucuza ngokuvamile athuthwa aye ezindaweni zokulahla udoti ezinobuthi neziyingozi, kodwa lo mkhuba awugcini nje ngokubiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi ubangela udoti, ngoba kusenezinto eziningi eziwusizo ezingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa.