01 – i-lithium iron phosphate ikhombisa ukuthambekela okukhulayo

Ibhethri le-lithium linezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esilula, ukushaja okusheshayo nokuqina. Lingabonakala ebhethrini lefoni ephathekayo kanye nebhethri lemoto. Phakathi kwazo, ibhethri le-lithium iron phosphate kanye nebhethri lezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-ternary ziyizingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu zebhethri le-lithium okwamanje.

Ngenxa yezidingo zokuphepha, emkhakheni wezimoto zabagibeli nezimoto zenhloso ekhethekile, ibhethri lamandla le-lithium iron phosphate elinezindleko eziphansi, ubuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo obuvuthiwe futhi obuphephile busetshenziswe ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ibhethri le-ternary lithium elinamandla athile aphezulu lisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezimoto zabagibeli. Eqoqweni elisha lezimemezelo, isilinganiso samabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate emkhakheni wezimoto zabagibeli sikhuphuke sisuka ngaphansi kuka-20% ngaphambili saya cishe ku-30%.

I-Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-cathode zamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Inokuzinza okuhle kokushisa, ukumuncwa komswakama okuncane kanye nokusebenza kahle komjikelezo wokukhipha ishaja ngaphansi kwesimo sokushaja ngokugcwele. Igxile ocwaningweni, ekukhiqizweni nasekuthuthukisweni emkhakheni wamabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla nokugcina amandla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesakhiwo sayo, ibhethri le-lithium-ion eline-lithium iron phosphate njengezinto ezinhle linomoya ophansi, izinga lokusabalalisa elihamba kancane le-lithium ion, kanye nokusebenza okungekuhle kokukhipha emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kuphumela ebangeni eliphansi lezimoto zokuqala ezihlonyiswe ngebhethri le-lithium iron phosphate, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokushisa esiphansi.

Ukuze kufunwe impumelelo yebanga lokukhuthazela, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba inqubomgomo yoxhaso lwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ibeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zebanga lokukhuthazela kwezimoto, ukuminyana kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezinye izici, yize ibhethri le-lithium iron phosphate lithathe indawo emakethe ngaphambilini, ibhethri le-ternary lithium elinobukhulu bamandla obuphezulu liye laba yinto eyinhloko emakethe yezimoto zabagibeli zamandla amasha. Kungabonakala esimemezelweni sakamuva sokuthi yize isilinganiso sebhethri le-lithium iron phosphate emkhakheni wezimoto zabagibeli sikhuphuke kabusha, isilinganiso sebhethri le-lithium ternary sisacishe sibe ngu-70%.

02 – ukuphepha kuyinzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke

I-aluminium ye-nickel cobalt noma i-nickel cobalt manganese ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengezinto ze-anode zamabhethri e-lithium e-ternary, kodwa umsebenzi ophezulu wezinto awulethi nje kuphela ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, kodwa futhi uletha nezingozi zokuphepha eziphezulu. Izibalo ezingaphelele zibonisa ukuthi ngo-2019, inani lezingozi zokuzishisa ezizenzakalelayo zezimoto ezintsha zamandla lakhulunywa ngokuphindwe kayi-14 kunango-2018, futhi imikhiqizo efana neTesla, Weilai, BAIC kanye neWeima iye yaqala izingozi zokuzishisa ngokulandelana.

Kungabonakala engozini ukuthi umlilo uvela kakhulu enkambisweni yokushaja, noma ngemva nje kokushaja, ngoba ibhethri lizokhuphuka ekushiseni ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside. Lapho izinga lokushisa lebhethri le-ternary lithium lingaphezu kuka-200 ° C, izinto ezinhle kulula ukubola, futhi ukusabela kwe-oxidation kuholela ekushiseni okusheshayo nasekushiseni okunamandla. Isakhiwo se-olivine se-lithium iron phosphate senza kube nokuzinza kokushisa okuphezulu, futhi izinga lokushisa layo elibalekayo lifinyelela ku-800 ° C, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi okuncane, ngakho-ke kuphephile kakhulu. Yingakho futhi, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kokuphepha, amabhasi amasha amandla ngokuvamile asebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate, kuyilapho amabhasi amasha amandla asebenzisa amabhethri e-ternary lithium engakwazi okwesikhashana ukungena kukhathalogi yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ukuze zikhuthazwe futhi zisetshenziswe.

Muva nje, izimoto ezimbili zikagesi zeChangan Auchan zisebenzise ibhethri le-lithium iron phosphate, elihlukile ezinkampanini zezimoto ezijwayelekile ezigxile ezimotweni. Izinhlobo ezimbili zeChangan Auchan yi-SUV kanye ne-MPV. UXiong zewei, iphini lomphathi jikelele weChang'an Auchan Research Institute, utshele intatheli ukuthi: "lokhu kuphawula ukuthi i-Auchan isingene ngokusemthethweni enkathini yamandla kagesi ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yemizamo."

Ngokuphathelene nokuthi kungani kusetshenziswa ibhethri le-lithium iron phosphate, uXiong uthe ukuphepha kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla bekulokhu kungenye yezinto “ezibuhlungu” zabasebenzisi, futhi okukhathaza kakhulu amabhizinisi. Ngokucabanga ngalokhu, iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium iron phosphate elithwalwa yimoto entsha liqede ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe kokubhaka ilangabi okungaphezu kuka-1300 ° C, – ukuma kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi elingu-20 ° C, ukuma kwesixazululo sikasawoti esingu-3.5%, umthelela wokucindezela kwangaphandle ongu-11 kN, njll., futhi lathola isisombululo sokuphepha sebhethri “esine esingesabi” esithi “ukungesabi ukushisa, ukungesabi ukubanda, ukungesabi amanzi, ukungesabi ukushaywa”.

Ngokusho kwemibiko, i-Changan Auchan x7ev ifakwe injini ehambisanayo ehlala njalo enamandla amakhulu angu-150KW, enebanga lokuqina elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-405 kanye nebhethri elihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu elinokushaja okujikeleza izikhathi ezingu-3000. Uma izinga lokushisa lijwayelekile, kuthatha isigamu sehora kuphela ukwengeza ibanga lokuqina elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-300. “Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokuba khona kohlelo lokubuyisa amandla okubhuleka, ukukhuthazela kwemoto kungafinyelela cishe amakhilomitha angu-420 ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zasemadolobheni.” Kunezela uXiong.

Ngokusho kohlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha (2021-2035) (Uhlaka lokuphawula) olukhishwe yi-Ministry of industry and information technology, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha kuzobalelwa cishe ku-25% ngo-2025. Kungabonakala ukuthi isilinganiso sezimoto zamandla amasha sizoqhubeka nokukhula esikhathini esizayo. Kulesi simo, okuhlanganisa ne-Chang'an Automobile, amabhizinisi ezimoto zomkhiqizo ozimele wendabuko asheshisa ukwakheka kwemakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha.