Ngizibonele mathupha ukuthi izinguquko zokushisa zingathinta kanjani isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri. Ezimweni ezipholile, amabhethri avame ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezishisayo kakhulu, amabhethri ancipha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ishadi elingezansi libonisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri sehla kanjani njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka:

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Izinga lokushisa lithinta ngqo ukuthi amabhethri ahlala isikhathi esingakanani, ukushisa okubangela ukuguga okusheshayo nokusebenza okunciphile.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Amazinga okushisa abandayo anciphisa amandla ebhethrifuthi ikhula ngokunciphisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nokwandisa ukumelana, okubangela ukuthi amadivayisi asebenze kabi.
• Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuguga kwebhethri, afinyeze isikhathi sokuphila, futhi andise izingozi ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukuvuza, nomlilo, ngakho-ke ukugcina amabhethri epholile kubalulekile.
• Isitoreji esifanele, ukushaja okuqaphela amazinga okushisa, kanye nokuqapha njalo kusiza ekuvikeleni amabhethri ekulimaleni futhi kwandise isikhathi sawo kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu.

Ukusebenza Kwebhethri Ezimweni Zokushisa Ezibandayo

Amandla Namandla Ancishisiwe

Uma ngisebenzisa amabhethri esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ngibona ukwehla okucacile kwamandla awo. Njengoba amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kweqhwa, ikhono lebhethri lokuletha amandla lehla kakhulu. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angalahlekelwa kufikela ku-40% webanga lawo eduze kuka-0 °F. Ngisho noma kubanda kakhulu, njengama-30 °F aphansi, ngibona ukwehla okungu-5% ebanga. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhethri kuyehla, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyanda. Ibhethri alikwazi ukuletha amandla amaningi, futhi amadivayisi angase avale ngaphambi kwesikhathi esilindelwe.

• Kuma-degrees angu-30 °F: cishe ukulahleka kwebanga okungu-5%
• Kuma-degrees angu-20 °F: cishe ukulahlekelwa kwebanga okungu-10%
• Ku-10 °F: cishe ukulahleka kwebanga okungu-30%
• Ku-0 °F: ukulahlekelwa kobubanzi obufika ku-40%

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Amazinga okushisa abandayo abangela ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla ebhethri, ikakhulukazi njengoba amazinga okushisa esondela noma ehla ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Kungani Amabhethri Elwa Nomkhuhlane

Ngifunde ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo sithinta amabhethri ezingeni lamakhemikhali nelingokwenyama. I-electrolyte engaphakathi kwebhethri iba nkulu, okunciphisa ukunyakaza kwama-ion. Lokhu ku-viscosity okwandisiwe kwenza kube nzima ngebhethri ukuletha amandla. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyakhuphuka, okubangela ukwehla kwe-voltage uma ngisebenzisa ibhethri elingaphansi komthwalo. Isibonelo, ibhethri esebenza ngomthamo ongu-100% ekushiseni kwegumbi inganikeza cishe u-50% kuphela ku--18°C. Ukushaja emakhazeni nakho kungabangelai-lithium plating ku-anode, okuholela emonakalweni ohlala njalo kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Isimo sezulu esibandayo sandisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi futhi sinciphisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla kagesi, ukwehla kwamandla, kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona webhethri uma ishajwa ngendlela engafanele.

Idatha Yangempela Nezibonelo

Ngivame ukubheka idatha yangempela ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi ukubanda kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwebhethri. Isibonelo, umnikazi weTesla Model Y ubike ukuthi ku--10°C, ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri lemoto kwehle kwaya cishe ku-54%, uma kuqhathaniswa nokungaphezu kuka-80% ehlobo. Imoto yayidinga ukuma kokushaja okwengeziwe futhi ayikwazanga ukufinyelela ibanga layo elijwayelekile. Izifundo ezinkulu, njengokuhlaziywa kweRecurrent Auto kwezimoto zikagesi ezingaphezu kuka-18,000, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zasebusika zihlala zinciphisa ibanga lebhethri ngo-30-40%. Izikhathi zokushaja nazo ziyanda, futhi ukubhuleka okuvuselelayo kuya ngokuya kungasebenzi kahle. I-Norwegian Automobile Association ithole ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zilahlekelwe kufike ku-32% wobubanzi bazo esimweni sezulu esibandayo. Lokhu okutholakele kukhombisa ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo asithinti nje kuphela umthamo, kodwa futhi nesivinini sokushaja kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Idatha yangempela evela ezimotweni zikagesi kanye ne-electronics yabathengi ibonisa ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo singanciphisa ububanzi bebhethri ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-40, sandise izikhathi zokushaja, futhi sinciphise ukusebenza.

Isikhathi Sokuphila Kwebhethri Ezimweni Zokushisa Ezishisayo

Ukuguga Okusheshayo Nokuphila Okufushane

Ngibonile ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu angasebenza kanjani ngendlela emangalisayonciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri. Uma amabhethri esebenza ngaphezu kuka-35°C (95°F), ukusabela kwawo kwamakhemikhali kuyashesha, okubangela ukuguga okusheshayo kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla okusebenza okungenakuguqulwa. Izifundo zesayensi zibonisa ukuthi amabhethri abhekene nalezi zimo alahlekelwa cishe yi-20-30% yempilo yawo elindelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo agcinwe ezindaweni ezipholile. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisayo, isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri sehla siye cishe ezinyangeni ezingu-40, kanti ezindaweni ezibandayo, amabhethri angahlala izinyanga ezifika ku-55. Lo mehluko uvela ekwenyukeni kwesilinganiso sokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi, isibonelo, ahlala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 neyi-15 ezindaweni ezipholile kodwa iminyaka eyi-8 kuya kweyi-12 kuphela ezindaweni ezifana nePhoenix, lapho ukushisa okukhulu kuvame khona. Ngisho nama-smartphone abonisa ukonakala kwebhethri okusheshayo uma eshiywa ezindaweni ezishisayo noma eshajwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuguga kwebhethri, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila ngo-30% futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha.

Izingozi Zokushisa Okudlulele Nokulimala

Ngihlala nginaka kakhulu izingozi ezihambisana nokushisa ngokweqile. Uma amabhethri eshisa kakhulu, izinhlobo eziningana zomonakalo zingavela. Ngibone amabhokisi ebhethri avuvukile, umusi obonakalayo, ngisho namabhethri ekhipha iphunga leqanda elibolile. Amasekethe amafushane angaphakathi angadala ukushisa okweqile, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekuvuzeni noma ezingozini zomlilo. Ukushaja ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlelo zokushaja ezinephutha, kwandisa lezi zingozi. Ukuguga okuhlobene nokuguga nakho kubangela ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kanye nomonakalo wokushisa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amabhethri angaba nokubaleka kokushisa, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okusheshayo kokushisa, ukuvuvukala, ngisho nokuqhuma. Imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi imililo yamabhethri e-lithium-ion iyanda, kanye nezinkulungwane zezehlakalo minyaka yonke. Ezindizeni zabagibeli, izehlakalo zokubaleka kokushisa zenzeka kabili ngesonto, ngokuvamile zibangela ukufika okuphuthumayo. Iningi lalezi zehlakalo libangelwa ukushisa okweqile, umonakalo ongokwenyama, noma imikhuba yokushaja engafanele.

• Ikesi lebhethri elivuvukile noma elivuvukile
• Intuthu noma intuthu ebonakalayo
• Indawo eshisayo enephunga elingavamile
• Ama-internal short circuits kanye nokushisa okukhulu
• Ukuvuza, ukubhema, noma izingozi zomlilo
• Umonakalo ohlala njalo kanye nomthamo onciphile

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Ukushisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuvuvukala, ukuvuza, umlilo, kanye nomonakalo webhethri unomphela, okwenza ukuphepha kanye nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kube yinto ebalulekile.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Nezibonelo

Ngivame ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwebhethri kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa ahlukene ukuze ngiqonde umthelela wokushisa. Inani lemijikelezo yokushaja ibhethri elingayiqeda liyehla kakhulu njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion aqhutshwa ku-25°C angahlala cishe imijikelezo engu-3,900 ngaphambi kokufinyelela isimo sempilo esingu-80%. Ku-55°C, leli nani lehla liye ku-250 kuphela imijikelezo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukushisa kunciphisa kanjani kakhulu isikhathi eside sebhethri.

Ama-chemistry ebhethri ahlukene nawo asebenza ngendlela ehlukile ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amabhethri e-Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) anikeza ukumelana okungcono nokushisa kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside komjikelezo uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) noma i-nickel cobalt aluminium (NCA). Amabhethri e-LFP angaletha amashaja aphelele asebenza kahle ngaphambi kokuba anciphe, okwenza akhetheke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisayo. Izindinganiso zemboni zincoma ukugcina amazinga okushisa ebhethri ephakathi kuka-20°C no-25°C ukuze kusebenze kahle. Izimoto zikagesi zanamuhla zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zigcine amazinga okushisa okusebenza ephephile, kodwa ukushisa kusalokhu kuyinselele.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ancipha kakhuluimpilo yomjikelezo webhethrifuthi kwandisa ingozi yomonakalo. Ukukhetha i-chemistry yebhethri efanele nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kusiza ekugcineni ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Amathiphu Okunakekela Ibhethri Nganoma Yikuphi Ukushisa

Imikhuba Yokugcina Ephephile

Ngihlala ngibeka phambili isitoreji esifanele ukuze ngithuthukise isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri. Abakhiqizi batusa ukugcina ibhethri lihlanzekile.amabhethri e-lithium-ionekushiseni kwegumbi, okungcono kakhulu phakathi kuka-15°C no-25°C, kanye nokushaja okuyingxenye okungu-40–60%. Ukugcina amabhethri ashajwe ngokugcwele noma emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kusheshisa ukulahlekelwa amandla futhi kwandisa izingozi zokuphepha. Kumabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, ngilandela iziqondiso zokuwagcina phakathi kuka--20°C no-+35°C bese ngiwashaja njalo ngonyaka. Ngiyagwema ukushiya amabhethri ezimotweni ezishisayo noma elangeni eliqondile, njengoba amazinga okushisa angadlula u-60°C futhi abangele ukuwohloka okusheshayo. Ngigcina amabhethri ezindaweni ezipholile, ezomile ezinomswakama ophansi ukuvimbela ukugqwala nokuvuza. Ishadi elingezansi libonisa ukuthi amazinga okukhipha amanzi ngokwawo akhuphuka kanjani ngokushisa, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokugcina okulawulwa yisimo sezulu.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Gcina amabhethri emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo kanye nokushaja okuyingxenye ukuze uvimbele ukuzikhipha ngokushesha futhi wandise isikhathi sokuphila kwawo eshalofini.

Amabhethri Okushaja Ezimweni Ezimbi Kakhulu

Ukushaja amabhethri ebanda kakhulu noma ekushiseni kudinga ukunakwa okucophelelayo. Angikaze ngishaje amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngaphansi kokuqandisa, njengoba lokhu kungabangela i-lithium plating kanye nomonakalo ohlala njalo. Ngisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri ezilungisa amandla okushaja ngokusekelwe ekushiseni, okusiza ukuvikela impilo yebhethri. Ezimweni ezingaphansi kwezinga, ngifudumeza amabhethri kancane ngaphambi kokushaja futhi ngigweme ukukhishwa okujulile. Ezimotweni zikagesi, ngithembele ezicini zokulungisa ukuze ngilondoloze izinga lokushisa elifanele lebhethri ngaphambi kokushaja. Amashaja ahlakaniphile asebenzisa izindlela eziguquguqukayo ukuze athuthukise isivinini sokushaja futhi anciphise ukubola komthamo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngihlala ngishaja amabhethri ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezinomoya futhi ngiwakhiphe uma eseshaje ngokugcwele.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Sebenzisa amasu okushaja aqaphela amazinga okushisa kanye namashaja ahlakaniphile ukuvikela amabhethri ekulimaleni ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukugcinwa Nokuqapha

Ukunakekelwa njalo nokuqapha kungisiza ukuthi ngibone izinkinga zebhethri kusenesikhathi. Ngihlola impilo yami njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ngigxile ku-voltage, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesimo somzimba. Ngisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha zesikhathi sangempela ezinikeza izexwayiso zokungalingani kwezinga lokushisa noma i-voltage, okuvumela impendulo esheshayo ezinkingeni ezingaba khona. Ngigcina amabhethri ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezinomoya omuhle futhi ngisebenzisa i-insulation noma izembozo ezibonisa ukukhanya ukuze ngiwavikele ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Ngigwema ukushaja okusheshayo ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo futhi ngiqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ungena kahle ezindaweni zebhethri. Ukulungiswa kwesizini kwemikhuba yokulungisa kungisiza ukuba ngizivumelanise nezinguquko zemvelo futhi ngithuthukise ukusebenza kwebhethri.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yebhethri nokuvimbela ukwehluleka okuhlobene nokushisa.

Ngibonile ukuthi izinga lokushisa libumba kanjani ukusebenza kwebhethri kanye nesikhathi sokuphila. Ithebula elingezansi liqokomisa izibalo ezibalulekile:

• Ukupholisa kokucwiliswa kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kwandisa impilo yebhethri futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha.
• Imikhuba yokugcina nokushaja efanele kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuwohloka okusheshayo.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko: Ukuvikela amabhethri emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kuqinisekisa impilo yesevisi ende kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinga lokushisa lithinta kanjani ukushaja kwebhethri?

Ngiyaqaphela lokhoamabhethri okushajaUma kubanda kakhulu noma kushisa kakhulu kungadala umonakalo noma kunciphise ukusebenza kahle. Ngihlala ngishaja emazingeni okushisa aphakathi ukuze ngithole imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko:Ukushaja emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuvikela impilo yebhethri futhi kuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo.

Ngingakwazi yini ukugcina amabhethri emotweni yami ehlobo noma ebusika?

Ngiyagwema ukushiya amabhethri emotweni yami ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo noma ebusika obubandayo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphakathi kwezimoto anganciphisa isikhathi sebhethri noma abangele izingozi zokuphepha.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko:Gcina amabhethri ezindaweni ezipholile nezomile ukuze uvimbele umonakalo obangelwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ibhethri lilimele ngenxa yokushisa?

Ngibheka ukuvuvukala, ukuvuza, noma ukusebenza okunciphile. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukusho ukuthi ibhethri libhekane nokushisa ngokweqile noma ukubanda, okungaholela ekulimaleni okungapheli.

Iphuzu Eliyinhloko:Izinguquko zomzimba noma isignali yokusebenza okungekuhle okungenzeka kube nomonakalo webhethri ohlobene nokushisa.