Ngizibonele mathupha ukuthi ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungathinta kanjani ukuphila kwebhethri. Ezimweni ezipholile, amabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside. Ezifundeni ezishisa kakhulu noma ezishisa kakhulu, amabhethri ehlisa izinga ngokushesha kakhulu. Ishadi elingezansi libonisa ukuthi isikhathi sempilo yebhethri sehla kanjani njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka:

Iphuzu elingukhiye: Izinga lokushisa lithinta ngokuqondile ukuthi amabhethri ahlala isikhathi esingakanani, ngokushisa okubangela ukuguga okusheshayo nokusebenza okuncishisiwe.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Amazinga okushisa abandayo anciphisa amandla ebhethrifuthi ububanzi ngokunciphisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nokwandisa ukumelana, okubangela ukuba imishini isebenze kabi.
• Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuguga kwebhethri, afinyeze ubude bokuphila, futhi andise izingozi ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukuvuza, nomlilo, ngakho ukugcina amabhethri epholile kubalulekile.
• Isitoreji esifanele, ukushaja okuqaphela izinga lokushisa, nokuqapha njalo kusiza ukuvikela amabhethri emonakalweni futhi andise ukuphila kwawo kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu.

Ukusebenza Kwebhethri Emazingeni Okushisa Abandayo

Amandla Ancishisiwe Namandla

Uma ngisebenzisa amabhethri esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ngibona ukwehla okucacile kwamandla awo namandla. Njengoba amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, amandla ebhethri okuletha amandla ehla kakhulu. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angalahlekelwa kufika ku-40% webanga lawo eduze kuka-0 °F. Ngisho emakhazeni angenamandla kangako, njengama-30s °F aphansi, ngibona ukuncipha ngo-5%. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhethri kuhamba kancane, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyanda. Ibhethri alikwazi ukuletha umthamo omningi wamanje, futhi namadivaysi angacisha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunobekulindelwe.

• Ku-30s °F: cishe ukulahlekelwa kwebanga elingu-5%.
• Ngo-20s °F: cishe u-10% wokulahlekelwa kwebanga
• Ku-10 °F: cishe u-30% wokulahlekelwa kwebanga
• Ku-0 °F: kufika ku-40% wokulahlekelwa kwebanga

Iphuzu elingukhiye: Amazinga okushisa abandayo abangela ukwehla okukhulu komthamo webhethri namandla, ikakhulukazi njengoba amazinga okushisa esondela noma ehla ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.

Kungani Amabhethri Ezabalaza Emakhazeni

Ngifunde ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo sithinta amabhethri ezingeni lamakhemikhali nelomzimba. I-electrolyte ngaphakathi kwebhethri iba mkhulu, okunciphisa ukunyakaza kwama-ion. Lokhu kukhula kwe-viscosity kwenza kube nzima ngebhethri ukuletha amandla. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyenyuka, okwenza i-voltage yehle lapho ngisebenzisa ibhethri ngaphansi komthwalo. Isibonelo, ibhethri elisebenza ngo-100% umthamo ezingeni lokushisa legumbi linganikeza kuphela cishe u-50% ku- -18°C. Ukushaja emakhazeni nakho kungabangelai-lithium plating ku-anode, okuholela ekulimaleni unomphela kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.

Iphuzu Elibalulekile: Isimo sezulu esibandayo sinyusa ukumelana nangaphakathi futhi sibambezela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-voltage, umthamo oncishisiwe, kanye nokulimala okungenzeka kwebhethri uma ishajwe ngokungafanele.

Idatha Yomhlaba Wangempela Nezibonelo

Ngivame ukubheka idatha yomhlaba wangempela ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi ukubanda kukuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwebhethri. Isibonelo, umnikazi we-Tesla Model Y ubike ukuthi ngo-10°C, ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri yemoto kwehle kwafika cishe ku-54%, uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphezu kuka-80% ehlobo. Imoto ibidinga ezinye izitobhi zokushaja futhi ayikwazanga ukufika lapho ijwayele ukuya khona. Ucwaningo olukhulu, njengokuhlaziywa kwe-Recurrent Auto kwezimoto zikagesi ezingaphezu kuka-18,000, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zasebusika zihlala zinciphisa ububanzi bebhethri ngo-30-40%. Izikhathi zokushaja nazo ziyakhuphuka, futhi ukubhuleka okuvuselelayo kungasebenzi kahle. INorwegian Automobile Association ithole ukuthi izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zilahlekelwe kufika ku-32% webanga lazo emakhazeni. Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo asithinti nje umthamo kuphela, kodwa futhi nesivinini sokushaja kanye nokusebenziseka jikelele.

Iphuzu elingukhiye: Idatha yomhlaba wangempela evela ezimotweni zikagesi nezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo ibonisa ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo singanciphisa ububanzi bebhethri ngokufika ku-40%, kukhuphule izikhathi zokushaja, futhi kukhawule ukusebenza.

Ukuphila Kwebhethri Emazingeni Okushisa Ashisayo

Ukuguga Okusheshisiwe kanye Nempilo Emfishane

Ngibonile ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu kangakananinciphisa ukuphila kwebhethri. Uma amabhethri esebenza ngaphezu kuka-35°C (95°F), ukusebenza kwawo kwamakhemikhali kuyashesha, okubangela ukuguga okusheshayo nokulahlekelwa amandla okungenakulungiseka. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lukhombisa ukuthi amabhethri achayeke kulezi zimo alahlekelwa cishe u-20-30% wempilo yawo elindelwe uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo agcinwe endaweni epholile. Isibonelo, ezifundeni ezishisayo, ubude bempilo yebhethri behla bufike ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-40, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezibandayo, amabhethri angahlala izinyanga ezingafika kwezingu-55. Lo mehluko uvela esilinganisweni esikhuphukile sokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi, isibonelo, ahlala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 nengu-15 esimweni sezulu esimaphakathi kodwa kuphela iminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-12 ezindaweni ezifana ne-Phoenix, lapho ukushisa okukhulu kuvame khona. Ngisho nama-smartphones akhombisa ukuwohloka kwebhethri ngokushesha uma eshiywe ezindaweni ezishisayo noma eshajwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Iphuzu Elibalulekile: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuguga kwebhethri, ehlisa isikhathi sokuphila ngokufika ku-30% futhi abangele ukulahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha.

Izingozi Zokushisa Okudlulele Nokulimala

Ngihlala nginaka kakhulu izingozi eziza nokushisa ngokweqile. Uma amabhethri eshisa kakhulu, izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokulimala zingenzeka. Ngibone amakesi ebhethri avuvukele, intuthu ebonakalayo, ngisho namabhethri ekhipha iphunga leqanda elibolile. Amasekhethi amafushane angaphakathi angadala ukushisa okukhulu, kwesinye isikhathi okuholela ekuvuzeni noma ezingozini zomlilo. Ukushaja ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ngamasistimu wokushaja angalungile, kwandisa lezi zingozi. Ukugqokwa okuhlobene nobudala nakho kubangela ukugqwala kwangaphakathi nokulimala kokushisa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amabhethri angaba nokubaleka okushisayo, okuholela ekukhuphukeni ngokushesha kwezinga lokushisa, ukuvuvukala, ngisho nokuqhuma. Imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi ukwanda komlilo webhethri le-lithium-ion, nezinkulungwane zezigameko unyaka ngamunye. Ezindizeni zabagibeli, izigameko zokubaleka okushisayo zenzeka kabili ngeviki, ngokuvamile okubangela ukuhlalisa okuphuthumayo. Eziningi zalezi zigameko zibangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile, ukulimala ngokomzimba, noma imikhuba yokushaja engafanele.

• Ikesi lebhethri elivuvukele noma eliqumbile
• Intuthu ebonakalayo noma intuthu
• Indawo eshisayo enephunga elingavamile
• Amasekhethi amafushane angaphakathi nokushisa okudlulele
• Ukuvuza, ukubhema, noma izingozi zomlilo
• Ukulimala okuhlala njalo kanye nomthamo oncishisiwe

Iphuzu Elibalulekile: Ukushisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuvuvukala, ukuvuza, umlilo, nokulimala okungapheli kwebhethri, okwenza ukuphepha nokuphatha ngendlela efanele kubalulekile.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Nezibonelo

Ngivame ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwebhethri kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa ahlukene ukuze ngiqonde umthelela wokushisa. Inani lemijikelezo yokushaja ibhethri elingaqeda lehla kakhulu njengoba amazinga okushisa ekhuphuka. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ajikelezwe ku-25°C angahlala cishe imijikelezo engu-3,900 ngaphambi kokufinyelela isimo sezempilo esingu-80%. Ngo-55°C, le nombolo yehla ibe imijikelezo engu-250 nje. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukushisa kunciphisa kanjani kakhulu ukuphila kwebhethri.

Amakhemikhali ebhethri ahlukene nawo enza ngendlela ehlukile ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) anikeza ukumelana okungcono nokushisa nokuphila komjikelezo omude uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) noma i-nickel cobalt aluminium (NCA). Amabhethri e-LFP angaletha amashaji aphelele asebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphambi kokucekelwa phansi, awenze athandeke ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindaweni ezishisayo. Izindinganiso zemboni zincoma ukugcina amazinga okushisa ebhethri phakathi kuka-20°C no-25°C ukuze asebenze kahle. Izimoto zikagesi zesimanje zisebenzisa amasistimu okulawula ukushisa okuthuthukisiwe ukuze zigcine izinga lokushisa eliphephile lokusebenza, kodwa ukushisa kuseyinselele.

Iphuzu elingukhiye: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ehla kakhuluimpilo yomjikelezo webhethrifuthi andise ingozi yokulimala. Ukukhetha ikhemistri yebhethri efanele nokusebenzisa amasistimu okuphatha okushisayo kusiza ukugcina ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Amathiphu Okunakekela Ibhethri Kwanoma Yiliphi Ithempelesha

Izindlela Zokugcina Eziphephile

Ngihlala ngibeka phambili isitoreji esifanele ukuze kwandiswe impilo yeshalofu yebhethri. Abakhiqizi batusa ukugcinaamabhethri e-lithium-ionekamelweni lokushisa, phakathi kuka-15°C no-25°C, nenkokhelo eyingxenye engu-40-60%. Ukugcina amabhethri eshajwe ngokugcwele noma emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kusheshisa ukulahleka kwamandla futhi kwandisa ubungozi bokuphepha. Ngamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, ngilandela imihlahlandlela yokuwagcina phakathi kuka-20°C no-+35°C futhi ngiwashaje kabusha minyaka yonke. Ngiyagwema ukushiya amabhethri ezimotweni ezishisayo noma elangeni eliqondile, njengoba izinga lokushisa lingadlula u-60°C futhi libangele ukuwohloka okusheshayo. Ngigcina amabhethri ezindaweni ezipholile, ezomile ezinomswakama omncane ukuvimbela ukugqwala nokuvuza. Ishadi elingezansi libonisa ukuthi izinga lokuzikhulula likhuphuka kanjani ngezinga lokushisa, eligqamisa ukubaluleka kwesitoreji esilawulwa yisimo sezulu.

Iphuzu elingukhiye: Gcina amabhethri kumazinga okushisa amaphakathi kanye nokushajwa okungaphelele ukuze uvimbele ukuzikhulula okushesha kanye nokwelula impilo yeshalofu.

Ukushaja Amabhethri Asezimeni Ezidlulele

Ukushaja amabhethri kubanda kakhulu noma ukushisa kudinga ukunakwa okucophelelayo. Angilokothi ngishaje amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, njengoba lokhu kungabangela i-lithium plating kanye nokulimala unomphela. Ngisebenzisa amasistimu okuphatha ibhethri alungisa amandla okushaja ngokusekelwe kuzinga lokushisa, okusiza ukuvikela impilo yebhethri. Ezimweni ezingaphansi kweziro, ngifudumeza amabhethri kancane ngaphambi kokushaja futhi ngigwema ukukhishwa okujulile. Ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi, ngithembele kuzici ze-preconditioning ukuze ngigcine izinga lokushisa elilungile lebhethri ngaphambi kokushaja. Amashaja ahlakaniphile asebenzisa izivumelwano eziguquguqukayo ukuze athuthukise isivinini sokushaja futhi ehlise ukubola kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngihlale ngishaja amabhethri ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezingenamoya futhi ngiwakhiphe uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele.

Iphuzu elingukhiye: Sebenzisa amasu okushaja aqaphela izinga lokushisa namashaja ahlakaniphile ukuze uvikele amabhethri ekonakalisweni ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu.

Isondlo kanye Nokuqapha

Ukunakekela njalo nokuqapha kungisiza ukuthi ngithole izinkinga zebhethri kusenesikhathi. Ngihlola impilo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ngigxile kugesi, izinga lokushisa kanye nesimo somzimba. Ngisebenzisa amasistimu okuqapha esikhathi sangempela ahlinzeka ngezexwayiso ngezinga lokushisa noma i-voltage anomalies, okuvumela impendulo esheshayo ezinkingeni ezingaba khona. Ngigcina amabhethri ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezinomoya omuhle futhi ngisebenzisa amakhava akhanyayo ukuze ngiwavikele ekuguquguqukeni kwezinga lokushisa. Ngiyagwema ukushaja okusheshayo ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo futhi ngiqinisekisa ukungena komoya okufanele ezingxenyeni zebhethri. Ukulungiswa kwesizini kuzinqubo zokulungisa kungisiza ngijwayelane nezinguquko zemvelo futhi ngithuthukise ukusebenza kwebhethri.

Iphuzu Elibalulekile: Ukuhlola okuvamile nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe impilo yebhethri nokuvimbela ukwehluleka okuhlobene nezinga lokushisa.

Ngibonile ukuthi izinga lokushisa likulolonga kanjani ukusebenza kwebhethri nempilo yokuphila. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa izibalo ezibalulekile:

• Ukupholisa ngokucwiliswa kanye nokuphatha okushisayo okuthuthukisiwe kwandisa impilo yebhethri futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha.
• Ukugcinwa okufanele kanye nezinqubo zokushaja zisiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okusheshayo.

Iphuzu Elibalulekile: Ukuvikela amabhethri emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kuqinisekisa impilo ende yesevisi nokusebenza okuthembekile.

FAQ

Izinga lokushisa likuthinta kanjani ukushajwa kwebhethri?

Ngiyakuqaphela lokhoukushaja amabhethriemakhazeni amakhulu noma ekushiseni kungadala umonakalo noma kunciphise ukusebenza kahle. Ngihlala ngishaja emazingeni okushisa amaphakathi ukuze ngithole imiphumela ehamba phambili.

Iphuzu elingukhiye:Ukushaja emazingeni okushisa amaphakathi kuvikela impilo yebhethri futhi kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla okusebenzayo.

Ngingakwazi ukugcina amabhethri emotweni yami ehlobo noma ebusika?

Ngiyagwema ukushiya amabhethri emotweni yami ehlobo elishisayo noma ebusika obushubisa umnkantsha. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme ngaphakathi ezimotweni angafinyeza impilo yebhethri noma abangele ubungozi bokuphepha.

Iphuzu elingukhiye:Gcina amabhethri ezindaweni ezipholile, ezomile ukuze uvimbele ukulimala ngenxa yokweqisa kwezinga lokushisa.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ibhethri liye lalimala izinga lokushisa?

Ngibheka ukuvuvukala, ukuvuza, noma ukusebenza okunciphile. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukusho ukuthi ibhethri lishise kakhulu noma libanda, okungaholela ekulimaleni okungapheli.

Iphuzu elingukhiye:Izinguquko zomzimba noma isignali engasebenzi kahle engase ibe khona ukulimala kwebhethri okuhlobene nezinga lokushisa.