Izisekelo Zebhethri Le-Alkaline: I-Chemistry Yembulwe

Amabhethri e-alkaline anika amandla amadivayisi amaningi ansuku zonke. Ibhethri le-Alkaline liyisinqumo esidumile ngenxa yokuthembeka kwalo kanye nokungabizi kakhulu. Uwathola ezilawulini ezikude, amawashi, kanye nezibani zokukhanyisa, enikeza ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlala isikhathi eside. Lawa mabhethri aqukethe ingxenye enkulu yamabhethri akhiqizwe emhlabeni jikelele, anamayunithi angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-10 akhiqizwa minyaka yonke. Amandla awo okuletha ubuningi bamandla obungcono kanye nokukhishwa okuncane kwenza ibhethri le-Alkaline libe lihle kakhulu kumadivayisi akhipha amanzi kancane kuya kwaphakathi. Njengoba imakethe iqhubeka nokukhula, amabhethri e-alkaline ahlala ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Izingxenye Eziyisisekelo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo

Amabhethri e-alkaline ayisisekelo ekunikezeni amandla amadivayisi amaningi ansuku zonke. Ukuqonda izingxenye zawo eziyisisekelo kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi asebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani esebenza kahle kangaka.

I-Zinc

Indima ebhethrini

I-Zinc isebenza njenge-anode ebhethrini le-alkaline. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali okukhiqiza ugesi. Uma usebenzisa ibhethri le-alkaline, i-zinc idlula ku-oxidation, ikhipha ama-electron ageleza kudivayisi yakho, ayinike amandla ngempumelelo.

Izakhiwo nezinzuzo

I-Zinc ikhethwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhono lokukhipha amandla kancane kancane. Le nsimbi ayigcini nje ngokuba yiningi kodwa futhi ingabizi kakhulu, okwenza amabhethri e-alkaline athengeke ukusetshenziswa kabanzi. Izakhiwo zayo ziqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi akho athola ugesi oqhubekayo, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo kanye nobude bawo.

I-Manganese Dioxide

Umsebenzi ebhethrini

I-Manganese dioxide isebenza njenge-cathode ebhethrini le-alkaline. Inesibopho senqubo yokunciphisa, ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kukagesi. Lapho ama-electron egeleza esuka ku-zinc anode, i-manganese dioxide iyawamukela, iqedele isekethe futhi ivumele idivayisi yakho ukuthi isebenze.

Izici nezinzuzo

I-Manganese dioxide yaziwa ngokujiya kwayo okuphezulu kanye nobumsulwa, okufaka isandla ekukwazini kwebhethri. Le nto inikeza ukujiya kwamandla okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zebhethri, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi akho asebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintshwa njalo. Ukuqina kwayo kunciphisa nengozi yokuvuza, okwenza amabhethri e-alkaline abe ukukhetha okuthembekile.

I-Potassium Hydroxide

Inhloso njenge-electrolyte

I-potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte ebhethrini le-alkaline. Isiza ukunyakaza kwama-ion phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode, ivumela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okukhiqiza ugesi. Ngokungafani nezinye izingxenye, i-potassium hydroxide ayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusabela, igcina ukuhlushwa kwayo kuyo yonke impilo yebhethri.

Umthelela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri

Ukuba khona kwe-potassium hydroxide kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri ngokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwama-ion okuphumelelayo. Le electrolyte isiza ukugcina ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi okuzinzile, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni njalo kwamadivayisi akho. Indima yayo ekugcineni ibhalansi yokushaja inegalelo ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nokuthembeka kwamabhethri e-alkaline.

Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali Kumabhethri E-Alkaline

Ukuqonda ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kubhethri le-Alkaline kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi le mithombo yamandla isebenza kanjani. Ukusabela kwenzeka ku-anode kanye ne-cathode, kanti i-electrolyte idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lezi zinqubo zibe lula.

Ukusabela kwe-Anode

Inqubo yokuxubha

Kubhethri le-Alkaline, i-anode yakhiwa yinsimbi ye-zinc. Uma usebenzisa ibhethri, i-zinc idlula enkambisweni yokuxiliswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-athomu e-zinc alahlekelwa ama-electron, aguquke abe ama-ion e-zinc. Lokhu kulahlekelwa yi-electron kubalulekile ngoba kuqala ukugeleza kukagesi kudivayisi yakho. Ukuxiliswa kwe-zinc kuyindlela ebalulekile enika amandla amagajethi akho ngempumelelo.

Indlela yokukhipha amandla

Indlela yokukhipha amandla kubhethri le-Alkaline ilula. Njengoba i-zinc i-oxidize, ikhipha ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron ahamba ngesekethe yangaphandle, enikeza amandla adingekayo ukunika amandla amadivayisi akho. Lokhu kugeleza kwama-electron yilokho othembele kukho ukugcina amagajethi akho esebenza kahle.

Ukusabela kwe-Cathode

Inqubo yokunciphisa

Ku-cathode, i-manganese dioxide idlala indima ebalulekile. Kubhethri le-Alkaline, inqubo yokunciphisa iyenzeka lapha. I-Manganese dioxide yamukela ama-electron akhishwa yi-zinc anode. Lokhu kwamukelwa kwama-electron kubalulekile ekuqedeni isekethe kagesi. Ngaphandle kwale nqubo yokunciphisa, ibhethri belingeke lisebenze kahle.

Indima ekukhiqizweni kukagesi

Indima ye-cathode ekukhiqizeni ugesi ibalulekile. Ngokwamukela ama-electron, i-manganese dioxide yenza kube lula ukugeleza kukagesi okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kugeleza yikho okunika amandla amadivayisi akho, okuqinisekisa ukuthi asebenza njengoba kulindelekile. Ukuncipha kwe-cathode kugcwalisa i-oxidation ku-anode, okwenza i-Alkaline Battery ibe umthombo wamandla othembekile.

Umsebenzi we-Electrolyte

Ukuthuthwa kwe-ion

I-potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte kubhethri le-Alkaline. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthutha ama-ion phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode. Lokhu kuhamba kwama-ion kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okukhiqiza ugesi. I-potassium hydroxide iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-ion ahamba ngokukhululeka, esekela ukusebenza kwebhethri iyonke.

Ukugcina ibhalansi yenkokhelo

Ukugcina ibhalansi yokushaja kungomunye umsebenzi obalulekile we-electrolyte. I-potassium hydroxide isiza ukugcina ibhalansi yokushaja ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Leli bhalansi liyadingeka ukuze amadivayisi akho asebenze kahle. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwama-ion kanye nebhalansi yokushaja ephumelelayo, i-electrolyte inegalelo ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuthembekeni kwebhethri le-Alkaline.

Ukuqhathaniswa Nezinye Izinhlobo Zebhethri

Uma uhlola umhlaba wamabhethri, ukuqonda izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamabhethri e-alkaline uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Izinzuzo Zamabhethri E-Alkaline

Isikhathi eside sokuphila

Amabhethri e-alkaline anikezaisikhathi eside sokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye eziningiezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri. Uyazuza ngobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu, okusho ukuthi anganika amandla amadivayisi akho isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-zinc-carbon, amabhethri e-alkaline agcina i-voltage engaguquki phakathi nokusetshenziswa kwawo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amagajethi akho asebenza kahle ngaphandle kokwehla kwamandla ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu kumadivayisi adinga amandla azinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengezilawuli ezikude namawashi.

Ukungabikho kwenduku yekhabhoni

Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zamabhethri e-alkaline ukungabikho kwenduku yekhabhoni. Lo mehluko womklamo uwahlukanisa namabhethri endabuko e-zinc-carbon. Ngaphandle kwenduku yekhabhoni, amabhethri e-alkaline ahlinzeka ngobuningi bamandla obungcono kanye nokumelana nokuvuza okuthuthukisiwe. Ungathembela kuwo ukuthi anike amandla amadivayisi akho ngaphandle kwengozi yokuvuza, okungalimaza i-electronics yakho. Lokhu kungabikho kuphinde kufake isandla ekuphileni kwawo isikhathi eside, okukuvumela ukuthi uwagcine ukuze asetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuwohloka kokusebenza.

Izinkinga Uma Ziqhathaniswa Namabhethri Aphinde Ashajwe

Uhlobo olungaphinde lushajwe

Nakuba amabhethri e-alkaline ephumelela kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi, anemikhawulo. Inkinga eyodwa ebalulekile ukuthi awakwazi ukushajwa kabusha. Uma esephelile, kufanele uwashintshe, okungaholela ekwandeni kokuchitha kanye nezindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabhethri ashajwa kabusha, njenge-NiMH, angasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi, okunikeza ikhambi elihlala isikhathi eside nelingabizi kakhulu lokusetshenziswa njalo. Uma ubeka phambili izinto eziphathelene nemvelo kanye nokonga isikhathi eside, izinketho zokushajwa kabusha zingase zifaneleke kakhulu.

Ukucabangela imvelo

Umthelela wemvelo wamabhethri e-alkaline ungenye into okufanele icatshangelwe. Njengamabhethri alahlwayo, anegalelo ekungcoleni imfucuza lapho engalahlwa kahle. Nakuba equkethe izinto ezinobuthi ezimbalwa kunezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri, ukulahla nokuvuselela ngokwethembeka kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthinteka kwawo emvelweni. Ungasiza ekunciphiseni lo mthelela ngokulandela izindlela zokulahla ezinconyiwe nokuhlola izinhlelo zokuvuselela ezitholakala endaweni yakini.

Ukusetshenziswa Nokulahlwa Okungokoqobo

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa nokulahla ibhethri le-Alkaline ngendlela efanele kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wemvelo. Lapha, uzothola iziqondiso zokwandisa impilo yebhethri nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo.

Iziqondiso Zokusebenzisa Okufanele

Amathiphu okugcina izinto

Ukuze wandise impilo yebhethri lakho le-Alkaline, ligcine endaweni epholile, eyomile. Gwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu, njengoba ukushisa kungabangela ukuvuza kanti ukubanda kunganciphisa ukusebenza. Gcina amabhethri emaphaketheni awo okuqala uze uwadinge. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhishwa ngengozi futhi kuwavikele ezicini zemvelo. Uma ugcina amabhethri amaningi ndawonye, ​​​​qinisekisa ukuthi awathintani ukuze ugweme ama-short circuits.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Uma usebenzisa ibhethri le-Alkaline, landela izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele izingozi. Faka amabhethri ngendlela efanele, uvumelanise iziphetho ezinhle nezimbi nezimpawu zedivayisi. Ungaxubi amabhethri amadala namasha noma izinhlobo ezahlukene, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuvuza noma ukuqhekeka. Uma ibhethri livuza, liphathe ngokucophelela. Sebenzisa amagilavu ​​​​ukuhlanza indawo bese ulahla ibhethri ngendlela efanele. Gcina amabhethri kude nezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo ukuze uvimbele ukugwinya.

Ukulahlwa Nokusetshenziswa Kabusha

Umthelela kwezemvelo

Ukulahlwa kabi kwamabhethri e-Alkaline kungalimaza imvelo. Aqukethe izinsimbi ezingase zingene enhlabathini nasemanzini uma zingaphathwanga kahle. Nakuba zingenabo ubuthi obuncane kunezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri, zisafaka isandla emfucumfucwini yokulahla udoti. Ngokuqonda umthelela wazo emvelweni, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa lokho.

Izindlela zokulahla ezinconyiwe

Lahla Amabhethri E-Alkaline Ngokwethembeka ukuze unciphise umonakalo emvelweni. Imiphakathi eminingi inikeza izinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha ikakhulukazi amabhethri. Hlola imithetho yendawo kanye nezindawo zokulahla ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha amabhethri. Uma ukuvuselela kabusha kungatholakali, landela imihlahlandlela yendawo ukuze kulahlwe ngokuphephile. Abanye abathengisi nabo banikeza izinsizakalo zokuqoqa amabhethri. Ngokukhetha lezi zinketho, usiza ekuvikeleni imvelo futhi ukhuthaze imikhuba eqhubekayo.

Uhlole izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenza amabhethri e-alkaline abe umthombo wamandla othembekile. I-Zinc, i-manganese dioxide, kanye ne-potassium hydroxide zisebenza ndawonye ukuletha amandla ahambisanayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri kanye nobude besikhathi. Ukuqaphela izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yamabhethri e-alkaline kukuqondisa ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi ngamadivayisi akho. Ngokulandela iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa nokulahla okufanele, unikela ekusimeni kwemvelo. Ukuqonda ikhemikhali ngemuva kwamabhethri e-alkaline kukunika amandla okuwasebenzisa ngempumelelo nangendlela efanele empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.