I-Alkaline Battery Basics: Ikhemistry Yembuliwe

Amabhethri ane-alkaline anika amandla amaningi emishini yakho yansuku zonke. Ibhethri Le-Alkaline liyinketho ethandwayo ngenxa yokuthembeka nokufinyeleleka kwayo. Uwathola kuzilawuli kude, amawashi, namathoshi, akunikeza amandla angashintshi futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Lawa mabhethri enza ingxenye enkulu yamabhethri akhiqiziwe emhlabeni jikelele, ngamayunithi angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-10 akhiqizwa minyaka yonke. Ikhono labo lokuletha ukuminyana kwamandla okungcono nokukhipha okuncane kwenza Ibhethri Le-Alkaline lilungele amadivayisi okudonsa amanzi aphansi kuya kokumaphakathi. Njengoba imakethe iqhubeka nokukhula, amabhethri e-alkaline ahlala ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Izingxenye Eziyisisekelo Nezinto Zokusebenza

Amabhethri e-alkaline ayisisekelo ekunikezeni amandla amadivayisi wakho wansuku zonke. Ukuqonda izingxenye zabo eziyisisekelo kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi zisebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani zisebenza kahle kangaka.

Zinc

Indima ebhethrini

I-Zinc isebenza njenge-anode ebhethrini le-alkali. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali akhiqiza ugesi. Uma usebenzisa ibhethri le-alkaline, i-zinc ithola i-oxidation, ikhiphe ama-electron ageleza ocingweni lwakho, ilunike amandla ngendlela efanele.

Izakhiwo nezinzuzo

I-Zinc ikhethwa ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu nekhono lokukhulula amandla kancane kancane. Le nsimbi ayiningi nje kuphela kodwa futhi iyabiza, okwenza amabhethri e-alkaline akwazi ukuthengeka ukuze asetshenziswe kabanzi. Izakhiwo zayo ziqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi akho athola ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaguquki, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo nokuphila isikhathi eside.

I-Manganese Dioxide

Umsebenzi ebhethrini

I-Manganese dioxide isebenza njenge-cathode ebhethri ye-alkaline. Ibhekene nenqubo yokunciphisa, ebalulekile ekuphehleni ugesi. Uma ama-electron egeleza esuka ku-zinc anode, i-manganese dioxide iyawamukela, aqedele ukujikeleza futhi avumele idivayisi yakho ukuthi isebenze.

Izimpawu kanye nezinzuzo

I-Manganese dioxide yaziwa ngokuminyana kwayo okuphezulu nokuhlanzeka, okunomthelela emandleni ebhethri. Lokhu okuqukethwe kunikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okungcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zebhethri, iqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi akho asebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintshwa njalo. Ukuzinza kwayo kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza, okwenza amabhethri e-alkali abe yisinqumo esithembekile.

I-Potassium Hydroxide

Inhloso njenge-electrolyte

I-Potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte ebhethri le-alkali. Isiza ukunyakaza kwama-ion phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode, ivumela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali akhiqiza ugesi. Ngokungafani nezinye izakhi, i-potassium hydroxide ayidliwa ngesikhathi sokuphendula, igcina ukugxila kwayo kukho konke ukuphila kwebhethri.

Umthelela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri

Ukuba khona kwe-potassium hydroxide kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri ngokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwe-ion okuphumelelayo. Le electrolyte isiza ukugcina ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi okuzinzile, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni okungaguquki kwamadivayisi akho. Iqhaza layo ekugcineni ibhalansi yokushaja inomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele nokuthembeka kwamabhethri e-alkaline.

Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali Kumabhethri E-alkaline

Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali Kubhethri Le-alkaline kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi le mithombo yamandla isebenza kanjani. Ukusabela kwenzeka ku-anode ne-cathode, lapho i-electrolyte idlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni lezi zinqubo.

Ukusabela kwe-Anode

Inqubo ye-oxidation

Kubhethri Le-alkaline, i-anode iqukethe insimbi ye-zinc. Uma usebenzisa ibhethri, i-zinc iba nenqubo ye-oxidation. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-athomu e-zinc alahlekelwa ama-electron, aguquke abe yi-zinc ions. Lokhu kulahleka kwe-electron kubalulekile ngoba kuqalisa ukuhamba kukagesi ngocingo lwakho. I-oxidation ye-zinc yindlela yokusabela eyinhloko enika amandla amagajethi akho kahle.

Indlela yokukhishwa kwamandla

Indlela yokukhipha amandla kubhethri ye-Alkaline iqondile. Njengoba i-zinc i-oxidize, ikhulula ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron ahamba kumjikelezo wangaphandle, enikeza amandla adingekayo ukuze unike amandla amadivayisi akho. Lokhu kugeleza kwama-electron yikho othembele kukho ukuze ugcine amagajethi akho esebenza kahle.

Ukusabela kwe-Cathode

Inqubo yokunciphisa

Ku-cathode, i-manganese dioxide idlala indima ebalulekile. Kubhethri Le-alkaline, inqubo yokunciphisa yenzeka lapha. I-Manganese dioxide yamukela ama-electron akhishwe yi-anode ye-zinc. Lokhu kwamukelwa kwama-electron kubalulekile ekuqedeni isekethe kagesi. Ngaphandle kwale nqubo yokunciphisa, ibhethri ngeke lisebenze kahle.

Iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kukagesi

Iqhaza le-cathode ekukhiqizeni ugesi libalulekile. Ngokwamukela ama-electron, i-manganese dioxide yenza kube lula ukuhamba kukagesi okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kugeleza yikhona okunika amandla amadivayisi akho, okuqinisekisa ukuthi asebenza njengoba kulindelekile. Ukwehliswa ku-cathode kuhambisana ne-oxidation ku-anode, okwenza Ibhethri Le-Alkaline libe umthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa.

Umsebenzi we-Electrolyte

I-ion transport

I-Potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte kubhethri ye-Alkaline. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthutha ama-ion phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode. Lokhu kunyakaza kwe-ion kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali akhiqiza ugesi. I-Potassium hydroxide iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-ion ahamba ngokukhululeka, asekele ukusebenza kwebhethri kukonke.

Ukugcina ibhalansi yenkokhiso

Ukugcina ibhalansi yokushaja kungomunye umsebenzi obalulekile we-electrolyte. I-Potassium hydroxide isiza ukugcina amashaji alingana ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Le bhalansi iyadingeka ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwamadivayisi akho. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwe-ion okusebenzayo kanye nebhalansi yokushaja, i-electrolyte inikela ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni Kwebhethri Le-alkali.

Ukuqhathanisa Nezinye Izinhlobo Zebhethri

Uma uhlola umhlaba wamabhethri, ukuqonda okuhle nokubi kwamabhethri e-alkaline uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Izinzuzo zamabhethri ane-alkaline

Ukuphila okude

Amabhethri ane-alkaline anikeza aisikhathi eside sokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa neziningiezinye izinhlobo zebhethri. Uyazuza ekuminyaneni kwazo okuphezulu kwamandla, okusho ukuthi zinganika amandla amadivayisi akho isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-zinc-carbon, amabhethri e-alkaline agcina amandla kagesi angashintshi kukho konke ukusetshenziswa kwawo, eqinisekisa ukuthi amagajethi akho asebenza kahle ngaphandle kokwehla kwamandla kungazelelwe. Lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside kuzenza zilungele amadivayisi adinga amandla angaguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengezilawuli kude namawashi.

Ukungabikho kwe-carbon rod

Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zamabhethri e-alkali ukungabikho kwe-carbon rod. Lo mehluko wedizayini uwenza ahluke kumabhethri e-zinc-carbon endabuko. Ngaphandle kwe-carbon rod, amabhethri e-alkaline anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okungcono kanye nokumelana nokuvuza okuthuthukisiwe. Ungathembela kuzo ukuze zinikeze amandla amadivayisi akho ngaphandle kwengozi yokuvuza, engalimaza ugesi wakho. Lokhu kungabikho nakho kunomthelela empilweni yabo yeshelufu ende, okukuvumela ukuthi uwagcine ukuze uwasebenzise esikhathini esizayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuwohloka kokusebenza.

Ukubi Uma Kuqhathaniswa namabhethri Aphinda Ashajwe

Imvelo engashajwa kabusha

Nakuba amabhethri e-alkaline ephumelela ezindaweni eziningi, anemikhawulo. Enye inkinga ebalulekile imvelo yazo engashajwa kabusha. Uma seziphelile, kufanele uzibuyisele esikhundleni, okungaholela ekwenyukeni kokumosha kanye nezindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuphambene, amabhethri aphinde ashajwe, njenge-NiMH, angasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi, anikeze isisombululo esimeme futhi esingabizi kakhulu sokusetshenziswa njalo. Uma ubeka phambili ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokonga kwesikhathi eside, izinketho ezingashajwa kabusha zingase zifaneleke kakhulu.

Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo

Umthelela wemvelo wamabhethri e-alkaline ungenye into okufanele icatshangelwe. Njengamabhethri alahlwayo, afaka isandla emfucumfucwini lapho engalahlwanga kahle. Nakuba ziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ezimbalwa kunezinye izinhlobo zebhethri, ukulahlwa okunesibopho nokuvuselela kabusha kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yazo yemvelo. Ungasiza ukwehlisa lo mthelela ngokulandela izindlela zokulahla ezinconyiwe futhi uhlole izinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha ezitholakala endaweni yangakini.

Ukusetshenziswa Okungokoqobo Nokulahlwa

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa nokulahla ibhethri ye-Alkaline ngendlela efanele kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzibophezela kwemvelo. Lapha, uzothola imihlahlandlela yokwandisa impilo yebhethri futhi unciphise umthelela wendawo.

Imihlahlandlela yokusebenzisa efanele

Amathiphu esitoreji

Ukuze unwebe impilo Yebhethri lakho Le-Alkaline, ligcine endaweni epholile, neyomile. Gwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu, njengoba ukushisa kungabangela ukuvuza nokubanda kunganciphisa ukusebenza. Gcina amabhethri ephaketheni lawo langempela uze uwadinga. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhishwa ngengozi futhi kuyawavikela ezintweni ezizungezile. Uma ugcina amabhethri amaningi ndawonye, ​​qiniseka ukuthi awathintani ukugwema amasekhethi amafushane.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Uma usebenzisa Ibhethri Le-Alkaline, landela izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele izingozi. Faka amabhethri ngendlela efanele, uqondanise iziphetho eziphozithivu nezinegethivu nezimpawu zedivayisi. Ungawahlanganisi amabhethri amadala namasha noma izinhlobo ezahlukene, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuvuza noma ukuphuka. Uma ibhethri livuza, liphathe ngokucophelela. Sebenzisa amagilavu ​​ukuhlanza indawo futhi ulahle ibhethri ngendlela efanele. Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina amabhethri endaweni lapho izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona ukuze uvimbele ukungeniswa.

Ukulahlwa kanye Nokugaywa kabusha

Umthelela wendawo

Ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele kwamabhethri ane-Alkaline kungalimaza imvelo. Ziqukethe izinsimbi okuthi, uma zingaphathwanga kahle, zingangena emhlabathini nasemanzini. Nakuba kungenabuthi obuncane kunezinye izinhlobo zebhethri, basafaka isandla emfucumfucwini. Ngokuqonda umthelela wazo kwezemvelo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuwunciphisa.

Izindlela zokulahla ezinconyiwe

Lahla Amabhethri E-Alkaline ngokuzibophezela ukuze unciphise ukulimala kwemvelo. Imiphakathi eminingi ihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha eziqondiswe ngqo kumabhethri. Hlola imithetho yendawo kanye nezindawo zokulahla ukuze ibhethri ligaywe kabusha. Uma ukugaywa kabusha kungatholakali, landela imihlahlandlela yendawo ukuze ulahlwe ngendlela ephephile. Abanye abathengisi bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuqoqa amabhethri. Ngokukhetha lezi zinketho, usiza ukuvikela imvelo futhi ukhuthaze izinqubo ezizinzile.

Uhlole izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali okwenza amabhethri e-alkaline abe umthombo wamandla othembekile. I-Zinc, i-manganese dioxide, ne-potassium hydroxide zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zilethe amandla angashintshi. Ukuqonda lezi zakhi kukusiza ukuthi ujabulele ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ukubona izinzuzo nemikhawulo yamabhethri e-alkaline kuyakuqondisa ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi zamadivayisi akho. Ngokulandela iziqondiso ezifanele zokusetshenziswa kanye nokulahla, ufaka isandla ekusimameni kwemvelo. Ukubamba ikhemistri engemuva kwamabhethri e-alkaline kukunika amandla okuwasebenzisa ngempumelelo nangokuzibophezela empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.